The Use Of Private Prisons For Federal Inmates - 1604 Words

U.S. to Phase Out Use of Private Prisons for Federal Inmates. This was an article title created by Charlie Savage, a Pulitzer Prize winner and correspondent for the New York Times in Washington on August 18, 2016. Savage wrote how the Obama administration would begin to phase out the use of private run prisons to hold inmates. This was ultimately due to the research done on the quality of life for inmates, the safety of inmates and prison employees, and the security of private run prisons. In the article Sally Q. Yates, the deputy attorney general said in less words that private run prisons do not save substantially on costs. First what is a private prison? A private prison is a prison or jail that incarcerates individuals and is run by a†¦show more content†¦In order to compare the cost of both public and private prisons, it is important to include capital costs of the prison facility and monitoring costs for the state agency that oversees the contract with the prison. In a ddition, one must account for differences in required security levels and inmate needs, which affect the expense of running a prison. Private companies are not required to release many details of their operations, including details on the cost of the services they provide, which limits the ability to make comparisons. The Government Accountability Office has concluded multiple times that the data is not sufficient to definitively claim that either type of prison is more cost-effective. One particular challenge in comparing costs is the difference in inmate characteristics across prisons. The state of Arizona found that their minimum-security public and private prisons cost virtually the same amount per prisoner after adjusting for the medical costs incurred by public prisons whose inmates were in poorer health. By contrast, a separate Temple University study widely cited by private prison companies found savings of approximately 14 percent for Arizona minimum-security private prison s after valuing the depreciation of the older public facilities more heavily and including underfunded pensions for the public correctional officers. However, an internalShow MoreRelatedCorrectional Facilities And The Correctional Facility1645 Words   |  7 Pagesrelease programs through the industry. Correctional facilities are subject to state and federal laws. The U.S constitution promises certain minimum standards of living for the people incarcerated in the correctional facilities. Inhumane and abusive condition at a correctional facility may be claimed to violate a prisoner’s rights against cruel and unusual punishment. Industry Overview State and federal criminal justice systems most commonly known as correctional facilities are a network ofRead MorePrivate Prisons Are Becoming A Cash Cow For A Lot Of Mega Corporations For Big Business1035 Words   |  5 PagesPrivate prisons are becoming a cash cow for a lot of Mega Corporations for big business. At one time in American penal system operated at dangerous criminal needed to be put under lock and key in order to protect society. Now and days many of our states are trying to save money so that’s why private prisons have been the answer to a lot of these states. We as a country are moving to that direction because it’s easier on states. With public prisons overcrowded the move for states to privatize prisonsRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States871 Words   |  4 Pagesthe uprising of corporate prisons, which are known as for-profit prisons, and private prisons. Private prisons have also lead to States, and federal prisons to become worse when it comes to programs to rehabilitate those who are incarcerated, so that they can function in society as a productive member of it. The conflict between private prisons, and States/federal prisons has worsened prison conditions for both men, and women who are incarcerated. The worsening prison conditions in the UnitedRead MoreWill Work for Room and Board: Prison Labor in America Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican prisoners receive free medical attention, housing, meals, utilities, use of exercise equipment, and laundry services. The cost of these services amount in the billions of dollars a year and government budgets are straining to accommodate these fiscal requirements. â€Å"There’s special urgency in prisons these days,† â€Å"As state budgets get constricted, the public is looking for ways to offset the cost of imprisonment† (Brown). This economic concern requires work programs to aid in the reliefRead MoreCriminal Laws Should Be Organized1513 Words   |  7 Pagescreated fear and anger and the target grew into holding offenders accountable for their conduct and the current Retributive Era came into existence. This model emphasized public safety above all else. Correctional punishments were tough with very little inm ate resources. This was the return to the Classical School of criminality which believed that crime is deterred and prevented by lengthening and toughening punishments. Jeremy Bentham of 1748–1832 theorized that to prevent crime, criminal laws shouldRead MoreThe Cost Of Private Prisons Essay818 Words   |  4 Pagesfor the fact that private prisons typically only house healthy inmates. When cost estimates are adjusted to account for this, the results are surprising: Without adjusting for the increased medical costs imposed on state-run prisons, a 2010 Corrections Department study found that daily per inmate costs were cheaper in private prisons, at $57.97 as opposed to $60.66. However, when adjusting for medical costs, the results flipped with daily per inmate costs cheaper in state-run prisons at $48.42 comparedRead MoreUnited State Prisons : Need Of A Complete Overhaul Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesUnited State prisons are in need of a complete overhaul. Bad things happen to good people and crime is unacceptable in a civilized society. The question I ask you is what do we do with the bad people that do bad things to good people. Do we as a society send them away to be rehabilitated and reintegrated back into society as a good person or do we send them away to be punished and hope that if they ever return to a society that they are good people? The Department of Justice breaks crime reductionsRead MorePrison Development in the U.S. Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States prison system is an important aspect of today’s society. Without the prison system, there would be no place for the law enforcement agencies to detain the criminals that they have apprehended. Now, prisons today are much nicer than the prisons of the past; it all began with the Pennsylvania system. The Pennsylvania system was â€Å"a form of imprisonment developed by the Pennsylvania Quakers around 1790 as an alternative to corporal punishments.† (Schmalleger, 411). This prison that was developedRead MoreThe Relationship Between Private Prison And Private Prisons Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesSynopsis The use of private prison has been a serious issue in the United States. The main issue is the amount of money that private prison companies are consuming. The private prisons are making millions of dollars from housing inmates. Between 1970 and 2005 the U.S. population has grown by 700 percent (Private prison, 2013). This massive increase in the U.S. prison population is far outpacing the population and crime rate. Due to this, America has the biggest prison rate than any other countryRead MorePublic Facilities And Private Prisons1116 Words   |  5 Pages Prison is an institution designed to securely to house inmates who have been convicted of crimes. The United States holds the records for having the largest inmate population residing within the walls of the correctional system. The inflation in correctional spending and the largest prison population have impelled lawmakers and the government to look toward the privatization of prisons. Privatization of prisons is t he use of private sector or corporation in financing, constructing, and

The Life of Shirley Chisholm - 3444 Words

SHIRLY CHISHOLM A MARVICK IN HER TIME Table of Contents Introduction to Shirley Chisholm 3 Shirley’s rearing In Barbados 4 Retuning to Brooklyn 5 Shirley gets an Intro to Politics in College 6 Time for Shirley to Stop watching and get in the Mix 7 Shirley the Assemblywoman 8 Shirley the Congresswoman 10 Shirley fights for our basic Civil Rights 11 Shirley’s work in Congress reflected the Civil Rights Movement 12 Shirley’s Bid for the President 13 Conclusion 13 Listed Work Cited 15 Introduction to Shirley Chisholm Shirley Chisholm was a â€Å"Rough Rider† straight out of the gate. Her mother said at 3 years old, she was bossing kids 3 and 4 years older than her. To†¦show more content†¦Her father was having trouble making end meet. His new job would only give him part-time hours. Their family could not exist off of his salary along, so Shirley’s mother went to work a domestic worker. Shirley was the oldest, so she got the latch key. They were told to stay in the house and not to open the door for no one until their mother got home. Finally her father began to work full-time and he was promoted to supervisor at his job. Shirley’s mom quit working her domestic job; but she would always be a seamstress. While leaving in Brooklyn Shirley and her family lived in the worst tenement apartments and what we now call ghettos. One apartment they lived in was so cold, that during the winter, they just closed off one room and all the sisters slept in one bedroom. Shi rley was affected by the cold for the rest of her life after that experience. They did move to another apartment in the Bedford-Stuyvesant. He father became a janitor and the apartment was free. The High School she attended was all women mostly white, but the neighborhood was predominately black. Shirley parent keep a tight rein on their girls. In fact she never had a regular date in high school or college. She had good study habits and a high IQ, which garnered a few scholarships in schools out of town, but her parents could not afford the room and board. Shirley would attend Brooklyn City College. At this point Shirley knew veryShow MoreRelatedShirley Chisholm : A Visionary Leader1429 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I am, was, and always be a catalyst for change† (Chisholm, 1970). Shirley Chisholm was a Visionary Leader and Ethical Leader by challenging the country to live up to ideals of equality and opportunity, while navigating the rough political landscape, contendi ng with racial and gender discrimination. In this essay, I will review how Shirley Chisholm used her visionary leadership traits by becoming the first African American congresswoman to create diversity and how she used Idealized Influence toRead MoreA Brief Speech Analysis of Shirley Chisholm1319 Words   |  6 PagesA Brief Speech Analysis of Shirley Chisholm Abstract This essay is a brief evaluation of the speeches given in the documentary of Shirley Chisholm. The tools used to analyze the speeches are identified throughout the paper. It concludes an analysis of the introduction, body, conclusion, language, and delivery. The accomplishments of these tools are discussed to give an overall evaluation. The sources used to identify the tools are internet and non internet based to conclude the analysis. Read MoreShirley Chisholm Paper757 Words   |  4 PagesBiography Shirley Chisholm, the first black woman to be elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, died on January 1, 2005. She was 80 years old. Chisholm had an influential political career. In 1968, she was elected to Congress from New York City. She served until 1983, when she retired. In 1972, Chisholm became the first black person to seek the Democratic Presidential nomination. She won 152 delegates. Jesse Jackson called her a woman of great courage . . . who refused to accept the ordinaryRead MoreThe Lion Of Bed Stuy1425 Words   |  6 Pagesin that document allow for the freedom of Americans to behave in the way they see fit, and not the way the politicians do. Shirley Chisholm was well aware of this, and is what helped push her to be a pioneer in the political arena. Shirley was the eldest of four daughters to be born to Charles Christopher, and Ruby St. Hill on November 30, 1924 in Brooklyn New York. Shirley was of Barbadian descent on her mother’s side, but little was known about Charles side as he was raised as an orphan. BarbadiansRead More The Contribution of African American Women Essay506 Words   |  3 Pagesthose to follow. Women like Shirley Chisholm made priceless contributions to improve minority life within our nation. They knew why the caged bird sang, but did not want future generations to sing its song. These women possessed the gift of sight and their visions went beyond themselves and their communities. It was not just enough to help a select few; everyone had to gain or there would be no forward motion. One of these phenomenal women, Shirley Chisholm, was the first Black womanRead MoreA Nutshell Solitary Word Is A Basic Human Right1430 Words   |  6 Pagespresent. Some women complied to old ideas to avoid conflict, while others fought harder like Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul. Although the two were separated by a few decades in age, their passion for equality were equivalent. Anthony along with her life-long friend, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, organized the Seneca Falls Conference in 1848. Before the Civil War, the dynamic duo pursued women’s rights actively, but changed gears to help African Americans receive equality too- putting feminism on the backRead MoreWomen s Leadership For Women1411 Words   |  6 Pagesof things that makes me believe that women have great ethnic in how they works as a person. So let talk about actual real good women leaders. Like Shirley Chisholm†Shirley Chisholm became the first African-American congresswoman in 1968. Four years later, she became the first major-party black candidate to make a bid for the U.S. presidency†(Chisholm Bio 1) Being such a great leader she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. She not the only one like Wangari Maathai†Kenyan born environmentalistRead MoreShirley Chisholm Equal Rights Speech1031 Words   |  5 PagesShirley Chisholm was the first African American congresswoman elect to the House of Representatives on May 21, the year 1969. As an African American lady, the discourse she presented in 1969 to the United States House of Representatives at Washington D.C., was Centered on evidence, and reinforced by values and experience. Furthermore, her Equal Rights for Women speech was exceptionally influential. Her core dispute however, was on how the subj ect of sex segregation in the workforce, was predominantRead MoreWomen s Leadership For Women1408 Words   |  6 Pagesof things that makes me believes that women have great ethnic in how they works as a people. So let talk about actual real good women leaders. Like Shirley Chisholm†Shirley Chisholm became the first African-American congresswoman in 1968. Four years later, she became the first major-party black candidate to make a bid for the U.S. presidency†(Chisholm Bio 1) Being such a great leader she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. She not the only one like Wangari Maathai†Kenyan born environmentalistRead MoreWomen s Leadership For Women1410 Words   |  6 Pagesof things that makes me believes that women have great ethnic in how they works as a people. So let talk about actual real good women leaders. Like Shirley Chisholm†Shirley Chisholm became the first African-American congresswoman in 1968. Four years later, she became the first maj or-party black candidate to make a bid for the U.S. presidency†(Chisholm Bio 1) Being such a great leader she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. She not the only one like Wangari Maathai†Kenyan born environmentalist

Essay about The Debate On Homeschooling Is An Issue Everywhere Essay Example For Students

Essay about The Debate On Homeschooling Is An Issue Everywhere Essay Homeschooling Theodore Roosevelt once said, â€Å"To educate a man in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to society† (qtd. Haverluck). The debate on homeschooling is an issue everywhere. In Roosevelt’s quote, it is saying that a parent must teach their children in morals instead of in mind. Children should go to schools to get taught in mind, but at home parents should teach them in morals to make them good additions to society. The two different atmospheres should teach different things, school should teach knowledge while home should teach manners and respect. Home and school shouldn’t be combined resulting in a â€Å"menace to society.† The debate on homeschooling has two sides. Many see homeschooling as a way around children dealing with situations they should not have to. Others who disagree see homeschooling as depriving children of a life full of experiences they have while they are in schools. Those experiences while in school help the child become ready for the situations they will face for the rest of their life. Children learn at different paces as well. Some children need a one on one learning system while other children can learn easily in a classroom with others. In public schools, they have many different learning systems to follow to suit the children’s needs. Children and teens that are homeschooled do not get as good of an education and do not experience as much during their childhood like kids in schools do. Homeschool Population The number of kids being homeschooled each year is not definite. The number of homeschooled children vary in each state so it is technically impossible to calculate exactly how many children are homeschooled in the United States (Goldstein). In some states, the government does . .oling is not the right choice for children in modern society. Learning programs of all ages are provided in schools as well as trained professionals to work with the kids. Parents are not always certified and do not know everything about schooling like professionals do. Homeschooling does not give children as good of a start to life as regular schooling does. Kids need to make interactions with others and be ready to deal with people all through their life. If they stay at home all through their childhood then they do not have the chance to make friends and learn how to deal with people. In school, kids learn how to deal with others outside of home. Children cannot be sheltered all through the part of their life where they should be learning and setting their path for adulthood. Schools provide everything that children need to learn and be successful.

Tough Guy case analysis

Introduction Emotions are an integral part of human beings. Scholars propose that emotions form part of emotional intelligence (EI). Although the issue of classifying emotions as a form of intelligence is controversial, irrefutably, feelings affect behavioral patterns in the workplace and thus they should be regulated for the overall benefit of an organization.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Tough Guy: case analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper contains an analysis of the case, Tough Guy, by providing an analysis of the underlying problems as well as possible strategic solutions. Analysis of presenting and underlying problems Although the issue of whether or not emotions form a type of intelligence is debatable, the argument that they affect behavior in the work environment is factual. The case of Tough Guy creates an example of a workplace set up with different individuals. It describes thei r roles in the company and their behavior coupled with how such behavior affects these roles. The case brings out aspects of effective management and behavior that forms the basis of discussion for most proponents of the EI theory, whose core principle lays basis in the presumption that emotions are largely responsible for most social behavior and some decision-making patterns in the work environment. One of the presenting problems in the case is the difficult behavior of the managing vice president, Chip Mazey, which makes it hard for other employees at Hudson Smith Gordon Investment Bank (Hudson) to concentrate on their tasks and enjoy the work experience. Mazey is very irritable and he continually lashes out at his subordinates while acting much more presentably in the presence of his superiors and peers. The second presenting problem in the case is the feeling of helplessness that the employees experience with regard to remedial action towards Mazey’s behavior. The employ ees perceive a dilemma in which they lack the ability to approach their manager regarding his behavior and view the solution of approaching upper management as posing a greater risk. In their view, approaching upper management is likely to intensify the problem instead of solving it. Thirdly, the lack of involvement of the human resources (HR) department is evident and so is the lack of oversight by upper management on the running of the company, particularly with regard to issues relating to employees.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These three problems culminate in the problem of creation of a hostile work environment in which the quality of work is likely to drop to the detriment of the entire company. The underlying problem and the cause of most of the presenting problems is Hudson’s choice to put financial gain above employees’ morale. The case indic ates that the management was aware of Mazey’s behavior and for that reason held back his promotion for a year. The fact that the vice presidents knew about this issue, but still promoted him without further investigations indicates their preference for financial gain as opposed to employee morale. Mazey is very good at his job and his ability to execute great deals and make profits for the company makes him a great asset for the company. However, Mazey actions portray his inability to put employees first with his subordinates, which causes a lot of discomfort and the preference by employees to work on deals with other managers. For instance, Payton Edwards narrates that Mazey would have his administrative assistant and two analysts do the same task without their knowledge. They later found out about it and were not very pleased with the behavior. Rich Patten also recalls Mazey assigning him overnight preparation of a presentation for a meeting scheduled for the next morning. He spent the entire night preparing for the meeting and had to be at the office very early the next morning. However, upon arrival at the office, he had to wait for Mazey five hours after the scheduled meeting time. When Mazey arrived, he told Rich that the clients had canceled the meeting. However, upon consultation with a colleague, he learnt that the meeting was non-existent. Rich contemplated reporting the matter to management, but decided not to when Mazey apologized. The exhibition of surprise by the employees at Frazer’s willingness to talk about their supervisor’s questionable conduct is a clear indication of how uncomfortable they are at the work place and how intimidated Mazey makes them feel. Several factors are evident in the case, which exhibit the willingness of management to forego the morale of its employees in order to maintain a high profit margin. The absence of oversight by upper management is one such factor that leads to lack of knowledge by the m anagement of what issues the employees face.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Tough Guy: case analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is evident in the case that the vice-presidents of the company had encountered complaints regarding Mazey’s behavior prior to his promotion, which caused them to withhold the promotion for a year. However, the vice-presidents did not follow up on the complaints or supervise the work environment discretely for the prevention of such complaints in the future. The management also denies the employee a link through which to voice their frustrations with Mazey’s leadership. However, the company’s management is not entirely to blame. The employees make no effort to ask the HR department and the upper management to formulate solutions for their problems. The employees’ lack of initiative in the past allowed for the elevation of Mazey to vice-presidenc y, further escalating their problems. Rich’s decision not to report what Mazey had done to him is evident of the lack of initiative. Possible strategic solutions One of the possible strategic solutions to the underlying problem of putting financial gain over the welfare of the employees is the creation of incentive programs such as bonuses and allowances. The effect of this is that it boosts the motivation of the employees so that they focus on their individual productivity instead of matters such as the behavior of their bosses or other colleagues. The higher the motivation of employees, the higher the output of the company is likely to be therefore benefiting the company without compromising on the satisfaction of employees. Another possible strategic solution is the revision of the company code of conduct to include more penalties that are serious and cover a wider scope of including people in management. The penalties would serve as deterrents for uncomely behavior at the work place, protecting the habitability of the work environment for the employees and protecting the right of the employees to work in a friendly work environment. This solution also has benefits for the company as it reduces the likelihood of suits against the management and the destruction of the company’s reputation in addition to reducing the amount of time spent solving office disputes. The result is increased productivity and the mutual satisfaction of the company and its employees.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company should also consider undertaking periodic employee evaluations to ensure that every individual gets credit for his or her good work as well as providing remedial measures for employees who do not perform as well as the company expects them to. Noticing employees with problems in their work would act as a troubleshooting mechanism for preventing an escalation of problems that would lead to reduction in out put. For instance, analysts whom Mazey bullies are likely to perform at sub-standard levels creating a deficiency in output for the company. Frequent periodic evaluations would enable management to get to the root of the problem by resolving the problem on time. Lastly, the company ought to enhance its protocols for the human resources (HR) department so that the employees get an avenue to voice their concerns to the management in an orderly manner. The protocols would enhance the oversight authority of the HR department ensuring that the management only gets involved o n issues of serious breaches of the code of conduct while allowing the HR department to tackle petty issues. This would ensure that the chain of command remains intact, the productivity levels remain at par and the employees receive the necessary attention. Conclusion Emotions are unpredictable, they dictate behavior, and are part of every individual. However, in order to ensure that they do not interfere with a person’s productivity at work or that of others, it is important to control them. Nurturing the capacity to perceive emotions and understand them would allow an individual to regulate them. Employees’ morale plays a big part in the process of workplace productivity. Therefore, it would be in the best interest of every company to create strategic solutions that cater for the boosting of employees’ morale for the creation of a productive and enjoyable work environment. This case study on Tough Guy: case analysis was written and submitted by user Gerardo Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Civil Rights

Emerging in the 1950’s and reaching a peak in the 1960’s, the civil rights movement prompted the federal government to enact sweeping forms that toppled Jim Crow, virtually eliminated public assertions of white supremacy, a mainstay of the American cultural and intellectual tradition, and boosted black pride (Levy, xiii). There were many factors including the black migration and the growth of the federal government that contributed to the birth of the civil rights movement. During the movement, there were many cases, disputes, and acts of oppression. Even though the civil rights movement did not achieve all of its goals, nearly a half-century after Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama; it continues to have an impact on the course of history, serving as an agent and as a model of the quest for human rights (Levy, xiii). The modern civil rights movement had both external and internal origins and causes. It came into being when and in the way it did because of both structural and human factors. Demographic shifts, particularly the black migration, the emergence of the US as a world power, and the formation of organizations such as the NAACP and SNCC played key roles (Levy, 41). While African Americans who migrated north found greater political, social, and economic opportunities than they has in the South, the North did not fulfill its potential as a â€Å"promised land.† Blacks remained the last hired and first fired, disproportionately relegated to low-skilled and poorly paying jobs. Residential segregation prevailed, confining blacks to poor neighborhoods, and since schools were located in the neighborhood in which one lived, African American migrants had less of a chance to move up the economic and social ladder than their white counterparts (Levy, 5). Despite such violence, the great migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North continued apace, beca... Free Essays on Civil Rights Free Essays on Civil Rights Civil Rights and Liberties The issue of Civil Rights and Liberties in the Civil Rights Movement movie has great impact on American society, many years ago, as well as today.   Although I am not African American, I can easily relate to the struggle that many men and women of that race had to endure, only by placing myself in their shoes.   Putting myself in their position would immediately give me an understanding of how important the Civil Rights and Liberties I take for granted are.   Desegregation of schools would be a large issue for me because I would want the best education possible.   And as long as someone was denying me that, I wouldn’t give up the fight until the war was over.   The right to vote, to be told that you aren’t worthy of electing those who govern you, even though it says in the constitution that all men are created equal, would be another peril I would have to face.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Without the right to vote, you are severely limited in your power.   Many different people have fought for the right to vote, including women.   This battle is always won because the constitution has laid the groundwork that every citizen has that right.   When that right is denied, it makes you angry, because you know it is your right while at the same time it is being denied to you.   Watching those young African Americans being hosed down while they were on their way to vote brought about a certain emotion.   An emotion that says, this is wrong.   You have to wonder if the people that have the right to vote and are taking it for granted even realize the heaviness of their actions.   If they realize that the only thing fueling the situation is hatred.   Even though the Civil Rights Act had been passed and the African Americans had the right to register, they were still being denied that. This brings about the issue that America needs to enforce it’s laws and realize that all men are created equal.   The me n holding the... Free Essays on Civil Rights Emerging in the 1950’s and reaching a peak in the 1960’s, the civil rights movement prompted the federal government to enact sweeping forms that toppled Jim Crow, virtually eliminated public assertions of white supremacy, a mainstay of the American cultural and intellectual tradition, and boosted black pride (Levy, xiii). There were many factors including the black migration and the growth of the federal government that contributed to the birth of the civil rights movement. During the movement, there were many cases, disputes, and acts of oppression. Even though the civil rights movement did not achieve all of its goals, nearly a half-century after Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama; it continues to have an impact on the course of history, serving as an agent and as a model of the quest for human rights (Levy, xiii). The modern civil rights movement had both external and internal origins and causes. It came into being when and in the way it did because of both structural and human factors. Demographic shifts, particularly the black migration, the emergence of the US as a world power, and the formation of organizations such as the NAACP and SNCC played key roles (Levy, 41). While African Americans who migrated north found greater political, social, and economic opportunities than they has in the South, the North did not fulfill its potential as a â€Å"promised land.† Blacks remained the last hired and first fired, disproportionately relegated to low-skilled and poorly paying jobs. Residential segregation prevailed, confining blacks to poor neighborhoods, and since schools were located in the neighborhood in which one lived, African American migrants had less of a chance to move up the economic and social ladder than their white counterparts (Levy, 5). Despite such violence, the great migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North continued apace, beca... Free Essays on Civil Rights Civil Rights â€Å"Struggle is a never ending process. Freedom is never really won. You earn it and win it in every generation.† –Coretta Scott King, page666 The 1960’s were a time of great turmoil in America and throughout the world. One of the main topics that arouse was black civil rights. In my essay I plan to compare the difference of opinion between these particular writers and directors, towards racism and the civil rights movement in the 1960’s The movement truly got underway with civil rights leaders such as Martin Luther King jr. and Malcolm X in the early 1960’s. Students who wanted to bolt on the equality and protest bandwagon quickly followed. Most of the students went to the Southern states (Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, etc.), to stop the racism and hate crimes. The truth of the matter is that the violence and abhorrence would get worse before it got better. The Klan became stronger and more violent, committing many more lynchi ng and gruesome murders. Bit by bit most of the Caucasian Americans came around to the idea of integration, and did not believe that the African Americans as a ‘threat’ anymore. The only reason that this great monumental change occurred was because of the great leadership of Malcolm X, Martin Luther King jr., and not to mention the thousands of other less famous civil rights leaders, that worked to change the views of their community. There also where lobbyist and protesters that risked there lives and went out on a limb to struggle against injustice. All factors, put together, made one of the better most changes of the twentieth century. Rob Rheiner (the director of Ghost of Mississippi) has successfully portrayed the blatant dishonesty towards blacks by the police force and Mississippi courts. On one occasion when the accused murderer was in court, the Govener of the state went up and shook hands right in front of the victim’s wife. Another example of dishonest y a... Free Essays on Civil Rights (1) Trumans civil rights committee: In 1947 Trumans Civil Rights Committee recommended laws protecting the right of African Americans to vote and banning segregation on railroads and buses. It also called for a federal law punishing lynching. He issued executive orders ending segregation in the armed forces and prohibiting job discrimination in all government agencies. (2) Brown V. the Board of Education (1954): In 1954 the Supreme Court made one of the most important decisions in its long history. It decided in the case of Brown v. Board Of Education of Topeka that it was unconstitutional for states to maintain separate schools for African American and white children. This case over turned the "Separate but equal" doctrine established in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson back in 1896. (3) Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955): After the supreme court decided to end segregation, African Americans started to speak out more about their racial opinions. In Montgomery, Alabama, a bus boycott ended with a victory for the African Americans. The Supreme Court ruled that the Alabama segregation laws were unconstitutional. During the boycott a young African American Baptist minister, Martin Luther King, Jr. became well known. Throughout the long contest he advised African Americans to avoid violence no matter had badly provoked by whites. Rosa Parks tired of sitting in the back of the bus, and giving up her seat to white men. One weary day she refused to move from the front of the bus, and she became one of history's heroes in the Civil Rights Act movement. (4) The Civil Rights Act: In 1964 congress passed a Civil Rights Act prohibiting racial discrimination in restaurants, theaters, hotels, hospitals, and public facilities of all sorts. This civil rights act also made it easier and safer for Southern Blacks to register and vote. Laws were passed to help poor people improve their ability to earn money, a program to give extra help to children at r... Free Essays on Civil Rights Civil Rights has always been a major issue in the history of America. There have been many struggles and battles over this issue in our history. From the 1940’s on, America was segregated in many ways. African Americans had to drink from different water fountains, were not allowed to sit at the front of the bus, and there were two different schools, one for the colored kids and one for the white kids. There were many efforts throughout the years to try and get rid of this horrible segregation, but at many times it led to trouble rather then helped. There was one major group that came about to try and work on desegregation and they were the NAACP, led by educated middle class African Americans. The job of the NAACP was to try and fight discrimination in the courts and improve black employment opportunities. They very much thrived on doing this in a non-violent manner, and most of the time unfortunately it did turn out to be violent in one way or another. There were many cases that the NAACP backed up, one of most importance was Brown vs. Board of Education which decision outlawed school segregation. This is very important in the history of civil rights because why shouldn’t a black person have the same opportunities a white person has for education? This decision led to many other boycotts for African Americans. Such things as the Montgomery bus boycott which brought forth a very important man in the fight for equality. Martin Luther King Jr. head up a new organization called the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and worked on the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Segregation was especially bad in the South, one incident included a young black boy who allegedly whistled at a white women, only 14 years old got lynched. This shows the severity of segregation in the south. By 1960 changes began to arise, a new case, Boynton vs. Virginia outlawed segregated bus, train stations, airport termi...

The Bauhaus School of Design essays

The Bauhaus School of Design essays The Bauhaus was one of the first schools of design. Walter Gropius founded the school in Weimar in 1919. The school was founded upon the idea that all works of art, including architecture would be included in the schools' curriculum. One of the main reasons the school was founded was because the founders believed creativity and manufacturing were becoming an afterthought in design at the time. The creators thought art was losing its purpose in society, and wanted to bring back that aspect in the architecture field. Bauhaus believed in a different form of educating its students. Using practical skills, crafts, and techniques, along with intellectual thought were the emphasis of learning at the school. The Bauhaus had a long lasting effect on fine arts that is still felt today. Bauhaus was founded on five basic principles: industrial means of production and artistic design, team vs. individual artist, the use of machines to their full advantage, embracing all architecture, and innovation. The school focused on a curriculum that was based on a long preliminary course (Vorkurs), which gave students an emphasis on form, and a group of workshop courses. The goal of these ideals was to bridge the gap between art and industry after World War I. The Weimar government did not approve the school's new focus on technology, thus Walter Gropius decided to move the school to Dessau in 1925. In Dessau, Gropius designed the famous Bauhaus building with an industrial look. The building was composed of concrete, steel, and a curtain wall of glass that we now recognize as the basic elements of modern architecture. Former students like Josef Albers, Bayer, Brandt and Breuer became prolific students and were beginning to make an impact worldwide. Through design, the Bauhaus sought a universal language of form that would break down the barriers reinforced by the recent World War 1. Then came the beginning of the end of the Bauhaus school. Gropius...

Writing an Effective Report in the Field of Criminal Justice Assignment

Writing an Effective Report in the Field of Criminal Justice - Assignment Example When I visited the store, the counter had been messed up, items fallen here and there. There was evidence that there was a fight since there were blood stains on the floor and the items such as keys, phone, computer mouse and keyboard. This is how Grace narrated her ordeal: â€Å"It was on 3rd May, 2014 when this incident occurred. Nothing was strange during the period as customers streamed in and out as they normally did.At around ten, three men entered the store and went directly to the fruits shelf. When they first came in, one of them went to the fruit shelf and another stood beside the counter and asked me how I was and left to meet the one at the fruits section. The third one went to the bakeries section which is at far end of this store. Two minutes later, they converged at the fruit section. All of a sudden, one of them pulled out a gun; I think it a revolver, and shot twice in the air. All the customers in the store ran off leaving me trapped in the counter desk by the two other men. One of them started beating me up using a hammer which he held in his hand repetitively. I asked him to stop and take away all the money in the cash drawer but he would not hear of it. I cannot say where the two of his frien ds were when he was bashing me.† Grace narrates that she managed to cheat death when she faked unconscious. The second suspect left her alone for the dead and they left with the third suspect carrying a small plastic bag full of money. In deed the girl was beaten mercilessly. In my investigation, she had attended the Mediheal University Hospital in Texas for treatment just after she made the statement with the police. The doctor noted that she had sustained severe soft tissue injuries on the back, shoulder and her left hand. She had broken one of her ribs on the right hand side of the body. The doctor, in her medical report, notes â€Å"These injuries are severe. The soft tissue injuries on the back, left shoulder and

NEGOTIATION SKILLS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NEGOTIATION SKILLS - Essay Example This brief analysis will work to address three main questions with regards to negotiation. They are as follows: 1) Describing and offering advice regarding the three main points of the â€Å"Getting To Yes† model of negotiation 2) comparison and contrast of distributive/competitive vs integrative/interest based bargaining 3) Discussion of the win-lose/win-win nature of negotiations and the influence that perception and expectations have on both parties involved. As such, this brief analysis will attempt to lay out, as best as possible, a type of rubric that will help an individual to handle negotiations in an informed and thoughtful manner. With respect to the three points of advice that were gleaned from the book Getting to Yes Negotiating Agreement Without Giving In, the authors note that the three most powerful tools towards achieving a successful negation hinge on the following: 1) separating the people from the problem 2) focusing on the interests not the position 3) inve nting options for mutual gain. Oftentimes in situations where disagreements/contentions/negotiations are taking place, it is extraordinarily easy to immediately denote a problem, an idea, or a given point of view to an individual or group of individuals. In this way, the actual problem comes no closer to resolution as groups involved have ascribed uniquely personal attributes to each of the perspectives. As such, the individual hang ups that a person or group of people may have with relation to another individual or group acts as the main impediment towards achieving an environment amenable to successful resolution2. In this way, the problem itself (or obstacles) is minimized as the personalities that espouse the given view are maximized. Such actions make it difficult if not impossible to work towards a resolution. In this way, it is the role of the negotiator to seek, at all costs and at all times, understanding of the issues rather than working to ascribe them to a given group or individual. The second point centers around the fact that the negotiator must place emphasis on seeking to define the interests of the respective group and not the problem. Although this can be understood a multitude of different ways, perhaps the best way to understand it is that the focus should be placed on the positive and not the negative. In such a way, rather than immediately coming to agreement that a central negative exists, the group can focus positive and constructive energies on defining and further developing the respective interests that guide the positions that are at hand. Lastly, how it is framed is oftentimes half the battle. In a situation where a difficult issue seeks resolution, a redistribution of focus in a way that works to maximize mutual gain is oftentimes one of the most efficient ways towards bringing parties together on points of agreement. Although this is a very basic concept, it is one that is lost on many negotiations as individuals involved develop a type of tunnel vision on their desired results with little thought as to small tokens of peace offerings that could coax the other side to relinquish some ground on a given item or set of points. With respect to comparing and contrasting distributive/competitive versus integrative/interest based bargaining, these primarily differ with respect to the item that is being discussed. For instance, as the name implies, distributive bargaining is often

Information Systems in Business Essay Example for Free

Information Systems in Business Essay List of the databases in which data about you exists †¢Flat- file data bases. The flat file databases are used to store small amounts of data that is required to be edited by the hand. They are made up of files strings that combine one or more files and they are effective in storing simple data lists but they become complex if the data structures are replicated. Flat file databases require a simple approach to the methods of storing data, therefore if complex data types are stored, the file become unreadable for the individual using the data bases. Many companies use the flat file data bases in storing their data since they are easily assessed and edited (Matthias, 2003). †¢Server databases The server databases uses the Internet and it is easily accessed by the clients at any time, for instance, 24 hours, one week. The clients are able to access the websites in order to retrieve the data. Server databases are applicable to many companies that require to make applications and communications on data issues anywhere in the world. Server databases have a special feature that allows the clients to provide specific data requests from the database and then it is the responsibility of the database to perform the function (Matthias, 2003). †¢Relational databases An example of a rational database includes the SQL server databases. These types of databases uses a logical formulation in the processes that they store data. For instance presentation of tables in data storing where by each field is described by a certain character. The realtions in the databases are described when the characters are linked with one another. many companies uses the relational data,bases since they are effective when they are designed propely and therfre resulting to clear data analysis without any duplication (Bing, 2011). ii): Make a list of the databases in which data about you exists. How is the data in each database captured, updated and how often? What data privacy concerns do you have? Explain briefly. Data sources are defined by their portability mechanisms and the independent approaches that enhances the connection of the databases. There are different types of data sources and they are introduced to define a certain database. An application can be used to define different types of database by changing the components of the data source. There are three different types of data sources, managed data sources,native data source and operational data sources (Pang,2001). †¢Managed data sources Managed data sources define the approaches used in error handling mechanisms, connections pooling as well as global transaction management. Since they are applicable on global transactions they are usually updated on daily basis. A managed data source in a data warehouse provides all the implementation mechanisms and interfaces that are issued in the data source. The warehouse can be able to use the managed data source in the participation of global transactions (Pang,2001). †¢Native data sources Native data sources are significant in the warehouse interface and are provided by the vendor’s sich as oracle. The native data source are different from the managed data source since the connections cannot be retrieved in global transaction. They are updated with several approaches depending on the information to be retrieved. Operational data sources All operational data sources applicable in a warehouse are used in the management of data in different sectors. The data sources are retrieved through the application of connections that enhance the operational process of data retrieving and enhancement effective. In a datawarehouse basis, information of data is retrieved from more than one ideal source therefore the application of the operational data source defines different strategies of connection to effectively define a certain data. ii): Using your company of choice example from above, explain the type of decision support that thecompany can benefit from implementation of a data warehouse. Within this context, what would bethe role of data mining? Decision support systems are important computerized information that enhances the strategies that are used in decision making (Power, 2002). The decision makers are able to use the networking communication technology, data information and other models to enhance the approach of decision making. Decision support systems are significant in the company since they provide information on graphical approaches and include expertise application on artificial intelligence (Power, 2002). BLM Company is entitled to use the communication driven decision support system that has a responsibility in targeting internal patterns. The importance of the communication driven decision support system is to enhance individual collaboration. The technology that is applied in this type of decision support system includes the client services for instance, instant messaging. Role of data mining †¢analyzing Data mining softwares are important in analyzing data from different perspectives (Bing, 2011). It analyses, categories,summaries and indicates the relationship that occurs in a given data. Data mining procedures are effective since they analyses the total components that the user wants prefers effectively. †¢Determination of valuable information Data mining is defined as the processes that are used by data software to analyses, summaries useful content. Data mining provides all the knowledge that is required to uncover certain figures related with information retrieval for several applications. In such cases, cross tabulation information, decision trees applications can assist in the retrieving of certain valuable information. QUESTION 2: Enterprise Content Management (ECM) helps companies to capture, organize and analyze particularly unstructured content to deliver better business. ECM technologies cover a broad set of capabilities. With the help of examples name and briefly explain three of such capabilities. †¢Document management capability Every department in an organization is conversant with document management capabilities. The role of ECM In most of the organization is to assist the organization on the approaches associated with document management through the introduction of policies that requires documentation cycle. ECM applies centralized methods repositories that enhance the mechanisms of discovering the information effectively and therefore the set policies enable tracking of information in the organization through the application of bar codes and labels(Handy, 2009). The centralized mechanisms have ensured that storage and protection of informations against any unauthorized use, hence they offer security on information. Record management capabilities Record management capabilities has been known as a secondary task, strategies that are associated with this capability include, the requirements on clear records assignments within the departments. Record management capabilities ensure that records are well updated in the organization to ensure that the organization maximizes transparency. The record management capabilities provides the managers with an opportunity to set up the records according to the organizations filing plans. †¢Web content management capabilities The development of web content management capabilities ensures that the organization is able to communicate effectively with employees and customers. Web content management capabilities ensures that the organizations is in a position to manage different sectors for instance multilingual Internet sites and mobile services while it ensures that these sectors are effectively updated. Summary of the findings IBM is a worldwide known company that applies the enterprise content management with software application. They provide semantic data management software within the organization. Question 3 Write the lecture summary relating to Week 9 – Topic: Data Warehouse and Data Mining data warehouse Companies are entitled with different sorts of information. The traditional methods of data storage include, invoices, sales and distribution were developed by many companies and it was a hard task that required a lot of computing producing biased and inaccurate information. With the recent innovations of technology and information systems data management and warehousing has become an easy process (Michael, 2009). The effective use of Data warehousing provides an approach of combining all the information that is required by the company. Data warehousing includes the application of all the companies data storage and the retrieving of any information is made easy. Data warehousing is made effectively through the strategies that are associated with the retrieving of information for instance, the selection process of a certain area to retrieve the data, keying of individual as the subject matter and any data information is retrieved and the group team of the organization develops extraction programs. Data warehousing is applicable in coordination of information and copying of data within the organization and outside the organization(Michael, 2009). Trusting data sources. Data warehouse is subjected with different departments with a large number of data sources from the external departments. An organization can lack the control on the quality retrieval of data into the data warehouse, and sometimes it can be a difficult process to access how the data is refreshed. The data sources used by the organization are diverse; therefore there is the need to determine strategies that can be applied in trusting data sources. Tools The tools include the simple reporting query tools which are used to tell us what has happened. On-line analytical processing gives a reason of the happenings †¢executive information system extracts information on the users who want to mess with the data warehouse †¢ data mining processes includes the all the statistical techniques that are advanced with intellectual research properties. Data mining components include, cross z softwares and the IBM . The architecture- centralised or distributed. If the data is termed as centralized then it means that only one database is applicable to a specific hardware for the access of all users. QUESTION 4 Features and tools in face book The features and tools in facebook have different importances on the representation of the companies, public figures, bands. They are the key tools of the entities and they include pages and the profile subscribers. †¢The pages Pages are used to represent company’s public figures, bands. The pages can be applicable to †¢Profiles with subscribe Profiles with subscribe consists of the strategies that an individual uses to subscribe to another person. In this case the profile with subscribes are used by multiple individuals and they include, news feed, find friends Entity attribute value model(EAV) Entity attribute value model is a data model that is used to define entity where by the parameters and properties are used to explain them. The number that is used to describe each entity is relatively modest. This model is also known as the space matrix model. Structure of an EAV table The data that is represented is defined in a spacious approach that is capable of storing the entire space matrix that is composed of occupied values. In the EAV model each parameter and property describes the entire entity and each row that is represented. In EAV model, it stores a single component. The EAV tables are also described as long and skinny in which the long strategies describe a specific number of rows while the skinny description defines the number of the columns (Michael, 2009). Data in EAV table is recorded and retrieved in three columns, entity, the parameters and the values. The entity colum defines the item description and the parameter column defines the attribute characters for instance, name, and ID and the value define the attributes.

Compare racial and cultural struggles in Alice Walker’s The Color Essay

Compare racial and cultural struggles in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple as well as Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye. In African-American texts, blacks are seen as struggling with the patriarchal worlds they live in order to achieve a sense of Self and Identity. The texts I have chosen illustrate the hazards of Western religion, Rape, Patriarchal Dominance and Colonial notions of white supremacy; an intend to show how the protagonists of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple as well as Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, cope with or crumble due to these issues in their struggle to find their identities. The search for self-identity and self-knowledge is not an easy task, even more so when you are a black woman and considered a mule and a piece of property. Providing an in depth analysis of these texts, this essay attempts to illustrate how both of these Afro-American writers depict and resolve their respective protagonists’ struggles. Religion is believed by many to serve as a means to achieving or finding self or identity. However, in the Euro-influenced Christian religion especially, directly after ‘finding one’s self’, one is called to deny one’s self in the name of a white ‘God’. ‘Humble yourself and cast your burdens to God’ they say, for ‘He will make all wrongs right’. Logically however, one must ask†¦what interest does the white God (who is especially portrayed in Afro-American writings such as The Color Purple and The Bluest Eye as a further extension of Patriarchal values) have in black people? Moreso, if the Christian bible is so heavily influenced by white man, what interest does the God it portrays have in black women? In The Color Purple, Celie’s original intended audience is a white, male God w... ... the voiceless, to overcome the patriarchal oppression and gradually find her ‘Self’. Bibliography Cutter, Martha. Philomela Speaks: Alice Walker's Revisioning of Rape Archetypes in The Color Purple - Critical Essay. MELUS, Fall – Winter, 2000. Davis, Thadious M. Walker’s Celebration of Self in Southern Generations. Hooks, Bell, ‘Writing the Subject: Reading The Color Purple’, in Bloom, H., ed. Modern Critical Views: Alice Walker, New York, 1989. Katz, Tamar. â€Å"Show Me How to Do Like You.† Didacticism and Epistolary Form in The Color Purple. 1988. Morrison, Toni The Bluest Eye, London: Picador, 1990. Peach, Linden Toni Morrison London: MacMillan, 1995. Shakhovtseva, Elena.  «The Heart of Darkness » in a Multicolored World: The Color Purple by Alice Walker as a womanist text. Walker, Alice The Color Purple London: The Women’s Press, 1986.

Do Environmental Hormone Mimics Pose a Potentially Serious Health Threat? Essay

Chemicals affecting human health have been a problem for the past years and have still been a growing problem for our society. Issue 10 is concerned about this problem. It is pointing out the major harms and the reasons for this problem. First, it is talking about the argument that is against these chemicals. After this, an argument that says these specific chemicals do not necessarily have an affect in human health is discussed. What I really find distrusting is the numbers and the facts given in each argument were different. First argument gives examples and facts from experiments. The exponential growth in the industrial use and marketing of synthetic chemicals (xenobiotics) have been affecting human health greatly. Their effects were seen far from their introduction sites and their harm was great (Pg184, 1st paragraph). â€Å"Scientists also have postulated a relationship between these chemicals (endocrine disruptors) and abnormalities and diseases in humans† (page 186, 1st paragraph). Even though their argument seems based on commonsense (chemicals interrupt human systems), they do not seem to rely on scientific data very much; they seem to gather data based on their conclusion whereas they should draw a conclusion based on their data. For example they are giving examples of animals such as mice, mollusks, river fish, alligators, and some bird species and talk about how some chemicals affect their natural systems. However, humans and animals are not exactly the same and they are still uncertain about the chemicals’ effects (pg190). Sheldon Krimsky is even accepting the fact about uncertainty; â€Å"A single chemical can have multiple effects on an organism that act through several mechanisms, not all of which involve hormone receptors†(pg189, 3rd paragraph). Complexity is another factor making this argument weak. Three reasons are given to support that it is hard to create a link between breast cancer and these chemicals in page 191, 5th paragraph. The argument also talks about policies and programs regarding these chemicals. Even though they have drawbacks the argument seems to fully support the new regulatory approach. Using the drawbacks of the first argument, uncertainty and complexity, the second argument proposes a powerful argument. First the argument gives four reasons why we cannot directly relate chemicals and human abnormalities. Other then these specific reasons, the second argument talks about uncertainty and complexity of the procedures of detecting the effects, and using this as a strong weapon. The summary par they provide is an effective tool that we have not seen in any issue before and helps the reader to gather all the information and sub-arguments into a single argument. Nevertheless, the second argument accepts the fact that some of the chemicals disrupt the human systems however, it is too hard to get rod of them since they are an important part of our lives (pg199, 2nd paragraph). All in all, I found the second argument more powerful. However, if prepared correctly and more efficiently, the first argument would have been much more persuasive. Lastly, I believe the second argument would be â€Å"perfect’ if it provided a solution to the case instead of saying it is too hard to deal with.

Deviance and Social Control

Deviance and Social Control Final Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for SOCL 101 Sociology By Social control is techniques and strategies used for preventing deviant human behavior in any society. All levels of society such as family, school, bureaucratic and government has some form of social control. Examples of family social control include obeying your parents rules, doing your homework and chores. School includes standards they expect of students such as being on time, completing assignments and following school ground rules.The bureaucratic organization emphasizes the rules and procedures among their workers. The government expresses social control through law enforcement and other formal sanctions. There are positive sanctions such as rewards for obedience and there are negative sanctions such as penalties for disobedience. Positive sanctions can include a pleasant smile of approval or range to a ceremony of honor. Negative sanctions include informal p enalties such as fear, ridicule, sarcasm and even criticism or formal penalties such as law enforcement, jail sentences, and fines. Conformity and obedience are two areas recognized for studying social control.Conformity means to go along with peers or individuals of our own status with the tendency to change our perceptions, opinions, or behavior in ways that are accepted by the group’s norms. Factors relating to conformity include areas such as size of the group, age differences, gender differences and cultural differences. On the other hand obedience, which is compliance with higher authority, can have an impact on social control as well. Factors relating to obedience include complying with authority figures, the feeling of personal responsibility, and the escalation of harm.With awareness of these factors the more likely someone is to conform along with their peers and obey authority. Sanctions are used to encourage conformity and obedience and are carried out through inf ormal and formal social control. Informal social control is carried out casually by ordinary people to enforce norms through laughter, smile, and ridicule. Formal social control is used to enforce norms through authorized agents such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers. Some laws, which are government social control, have been created due to society’s norms being important to people’s behavior.For example the prohibition against murder is a law among every member of society. Whereas fishing and hunting regulations are a law among those specific groups. Our textbook points out that sociologist see the creation of laws as a social process because these laws are not passed from one generation to another, but are evolving from continuous change in society of what is right and what is wrong. Society has accepted and followed these laws not because of peer group or authority figure but by means of belonging or even the fear of being viewed as dif ferent or deviant.In a sense we want to see ourselves and others to see us as loyal, cooperative, and respectful of others. Control theory is a view of conformity and deviance that stresses the social bond between society and individuals. Deviant acts, which violate social norms, may appear attractive to individuals but the social bond is used to help individuals from going toward those attractive deviant acts because of the fear of not belonging. A weak bond between society and an individual may actually push that individual toward a deviant act that he/she can benefit from.As explained by Peter Wickman (2009), â€Å"Deviance is behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society† (p. 160). There are different degrees of deviance we all experience here in the United States. On one end of the spectrum there are accepted forms of deviance, like being late to a meeting, or texting while driving. On the other end of the spectrum there is crimina l deviance, dog fighting, robbery, and possession of drugs are a few examples. However, the one thing that all deviant behavior has in common is it is all defined within a particular society and at a particular time.Deviant behavior is socially constructed with the people in power defining what is expectable and what is deviant. An example of deviance here in the United States can be found in our freedom of religion. Our society was created with a strong Christian background; attending church on Sundays is widely accepted and practiced among many of our citizens. Conversely, state that you’re a satanic worshiper and you will most definitely carry a social stigma. There are other forms of deviant behavior that people can unwillingly acquire through a social stigma.Being overweight can carry a stigma within our society because overweight people are assumed to be weak in character. Being grossly unattractive can also carry an unwanted social stigma. Social deviance is subject to different social interpretations and varies throughout different cultures. What is considered deviant in one culture may be considered normal in another. Dog fighting is an example of contrasting social deviance between the USA and Afghanistan. Getting caught dog fighting in the United States and you will be thrown in jail and carry a social stigma for the rest of your life.The professional footballer Michael Vick is an example of this negative stigma. Conversely, dog fighting in Afghanistan is widely accepted and practiced every Friday morning (The Scoop, 2002). Oddly enough this was not always the case. When the Taliban was in control there were strict punishments for men who were caught fighting dogs. The Taliban encouraged sports like football, cricket, and martial arts in lieu of dog fighting. This is an example of how deviant behavior can be constructed by the people in power and how deviance can shift from one social era to another.Deviance is a complicated subject. It can b e widely accepted or rejected within a society, and will change over time. Throughout my life I have witnessed many forms of once deviant behavior becoming more and more accepted. I believe there are two primary reasons behind this shift. The first is Colorado Springs becoming a larger more populated city and the second is the mass media. When we think of the sociological perspective on deviance some people don’t even know what deviance means. Everyone has seen some type of deviance in an informal way or formal sense.Society looks at people in a way that everyone should be the same. A person that has a lot of tattoos and piercing would get looked at that they are a bad person just because the way they look. Image, sexual act, and sexual orientation are a few ways that some cultures and people look to define deviance. Functionalist perspective is one key look into deviance. Durkheim focused on the study of crime. He believed that punishment within culture would help define nor mal behavior. The way he looked at things was in a way that he thought things could get fixed.While reading this I believe everyone has their own way to express themselves no matter what culture they were raised in. The look into the functionalist perspective has a lot to do with the perspective of the people and how they look at things. Internactionist perspective explains why rule violations accrue and how people fight from conforming. They state that by not following rules, which are set by certain people, that you are a deviant. There are so many rules out there. Cultural transmission is or stated by the ethnic group or race groups.When you are in school you tend to hang out with your ethic group or race because it’s where you fit in. Like when you see graffiti some people think it is a disgrace to the environment others think of it as art. Like when I look at graffiti I don’t look at it as bad, it’s an art and a talent. We all learn how to act by what socia l groups we are in or what we see. Everyone has their own perspective there is nothing we can do about that. We look at street racers as being deviant because they race. Race car drivers do the same things just in another place other than street.So why do street racers get looked at differently? That doesn’t make sense. Trying to maintain social control is what they try to keep in order. There are main roles in life such as police that try to control or enforce the rules of the world. Then you got teachers, doctors, lawyers, and other court officials that all try to keep the world one way. In this sense they all try to pick out your looks, deviant in their eyes. By social profiling was a way they were trying to pick out who they thought was doing badly. Now looking at sexual deviance or sexual orientation people believe it should be one way and only one way.The way society looks at it as you should be man and women. And sex should only be done one way. Also what is looked at as being sexual crime there are things that some people think that is against sex code such as bondage? They think it is a crime but some people like that. There are so many things in this world that people see as deviant but really isn’t. Conflict theory defines how there are lawsuits against or towards gambling, drugs and etc. Some cultures look at gambling as a past time but the law looks at it being bad. Why should the way we were raised or how we were brought up by against us.The justice system is and will always judge against us. While looking and reading on deviants everyone is deviant in some way, shape or form. I know that I am looked at as being deviant. There are many out there that will always judge. Also by reading this opens my eyes to how things really work. Why should there be social norms on society. This is all on the perspective view of others. In Sociology, crime is identified as a deviant behavior. It is deviant in that it goes against accepted or written rules and laws that guide a society.To understand crime and sociology, one must first understand the â€Å"Conflict Theory† founded by Karl Marx. Conflict theory sees society as two struggling groups engaged in conflict over resources. Under this theory, it is believed that the capitalist class (or the society elites) commits acts of deviance just as the working class does. The main difference is that society elites determine the rules regarding what is deviant. This difference among the people will always lead to conflict. This idea explains why there is crime in societies and why it will never cease to be.Sociologists classify crimes by three types: crimes against a person, crimes against property, and victimless crimes. Crimes against a person include any offenses where violence is used or threatened. Mugging and assault are examples of crimes against a person. Crimes against property include theft of property or damage done to someone else's property. Burglary and arson are crimes against property. Finally, victimless crimes are crimes that are against the law, but no victim exists. Prostitution and marijuana are common examples of victimless crimes. In sociology, all crimes fall into one of these three categories.A victimless crime is a term used to refer to actions that have been ruled illegal but do not directly violate or threaten the rights of another individual. It often involves consensual acts in which two or more persons agree to commit a criminal offence in which no other person is involved. For example, in the United States current victimless crimes include prostitution, gambling, and illicit drug use. The term â€Å"victimless crime† is not used in jurisprudence, but is used to cast doubt onto the efficacy of existing and proposed legislation; or to highlight the unintended consequences of the same.In politics, for example, a lobbyist might use this word with the implication that the law in question should be abolished. Victimles s crimes are not always so weighty. Some examples of low level victimless activities that may be criminalized include: * individual purchase and consumption of recreational drugs (provided one does not hurt anyone else due to the effects) * prostitution and/or soliciting for prostitution * public nudity or fornication * the consumption of pornography Crimes committed by persons for whom criminally punishable acts are a permanent occupation and the primary source of money.Persons who engage in professional crime have the skills and means necessary for criminal activity and specialize in some particular type of crime, such as theft or buying and selling of stolen goods. Professional crime has its own psychology and customs, but many times professional crimes tie in with organized crime. Organized crime is transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary profit.Some times criminal organizations force people to do business with them, as when a gang extorts money from shopkeepers for â€Å"protection†. Gangs may become â€Å"disciplined† enough to be considered â€Å"organized†. An organized gang or criminal set can also be referred to as a mob. In the United States the Organized Crime Control Act (1970) defines organized crime as â€Å"The unlawful activities of a highly organized, disciplined association†. Criminal activity as a structured group is referred to as racketeering and such crime is commonly referred to as the work of the Mob.In addition, due to the escalating violence of Mexico's drug war, the Mexican drug cartels are considered the ‘greatest organized crime threat to the United States', according to a report issued by the United States Department of Justice. White-collar crime is a financially motivated, non-violent crime committed for monetary gain. Within the field of criminology, white-collar cr ime initially was defined by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as â€Å"a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation† (1939).Sutherland was a proponent of Symbolic Interactionism, and believed that criminal behavior was learned from interpersonal interaction with others. The term white-collar crime only dates back to 1939. Professor Edwin Hardin Sutherland was the first to coin the term, and hypothesize white-collar criminals attributed different characteristics and motives than typical street criminals. Sutherland defined his idea as â€Å"crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation. The introduction of white-collar crime was a relatively new issue to criminology at that time.He was urging other criminologists to stop focusing on the socially and economically disadvantaged. The types of individuals who committed these crimes lived successfully and were respected by soci ety in general-also criminologists; because these criminals were held to such a high regard, these individuals were given a blind eye to the crimes they committed. Our group choose this chapter ‘Deviance and Social Control’ to share with you all today, because we feel everyone can relate to the sociologists’ perspective regarding social control, deviance, and crime.We have learned law and society play an important role in social control, deviant acts to one person may in fact be part of another person’s culture, and crime has many different categories such as victimless crime, professional crime, and organized crime that all have formal penalties that are enforce by governmental authority. References * http://willapse. hubpages. com/hub/Thailand-Health–Safety-and-Risks-2-Crime * http://encyclopedia2. thefreedictionary. com/Professional+Crime * Attenborough, F. L. ed. and trans. ) (1922). The Laws of the Earliest English Kings. Cambridge: Cambridge U niversity Press. Reprint March 2006. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-583-1 * Schaefer, R. T. (2009). Sociology: A Brief Introduction. (8th ed. Pp. 160-163). New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. * One good reason why dogs miss the Taliban. (2002), The Scoop. Canine Nation. Retrieved from http://dogsinthenews. com/issues/0201/articles/020124a. htm * http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=GHuI2JIPylk&feature=related Deviance and Social Control Deviance and Social Control Final Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for SOCL 101 Sociology By Social control is techniques and strategies used for preventing deviant human behavior in any society. All levels of society such as family, school, bureaucratic and government has some form of social control. Examples of family social control include obeying your parents rules, doing your homework and chores. School includes standards they expect of students such as being on time, completing assignments and following school ground rules.The bureaucratic organization emphasizes the rules and procedures among their workers. The government expresses social control through law enforcement and other formal sanctions. There are positive sanctions such as rewards for obedience and there are negative sanctions such as penalties for disobedience. Positive sanctions can include a pleasant smile of approval or range to a ceremony of honor. Negative sanctions include informal p enalties such as fear, ridicule, sarcasm and even criticism or formal penalties such as law enforcement, jail sentences, and fines. Conformity and obedience are two areas recognized for studying social control.Conformity means to go along with peers or individuals of our own status with the tendency to change our perceptions, opinions, or behavior in ways that are accepted by the group’s norms. Factors relating to conformity include areas such as size of the group, age differences, gender differences and cultural differences. On the other hand obedience, which is compliance with higher authority, can have an impact on social control as well. Factors relating to obedience include complying with authority figures, the feeling of personal responsibility, and the escalation of harm.With awareness of these factors the more likely someone is to conform along with their peers and obey authority. Sanctions are used to encourage conformity and obedience and are carried out through inf ormal and formal social control. Informal social control is carried out casually by ordinary people to enforce norms through laughter, smile, and ridicule. Formal social control is used to enforce norms through authorized agents such as police officers, judges, school administrators, and employers. Some laws, which are government social control, have been created due to society’s norms being important to people’s behavior.For example the prohibition against murder is a law among every member of society. Whereas fishing and hunting regulations are a law among those specific groups. Our textbook points out that sociologist see the creation of laws as a social process because these laws are not passed from one generation to another, but are evolving from continuous change in society of what is right and what is wrong. Society has accepted and followed these laws not because of peer group or authority figure but by means of belonging or even the fear of being viewed as dif ferent or deviant.In a sense we want to see ourselves and others to see us as loyal, cooperative, and respectful of others. Control theory is a view of conformity and deviance that stresses the social bond between society and individuals. Deviant acts, which violate social norms, may appear attractive to individuals but the social bond is used to help individuals from going toward those attractive deviant acts because of the fear of not belonging. A weak bond between society and an individual may actually push that individual toward a deviant act that he/she can benefit from.As explained by Peter Wickman (2009), â€Å"Deviance is behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society† (p. 160). There are different degrees of deviance we all experience here in the United States. On one end of the spectrum there are accepted forms of deviance, like being late to a meeting, or texting while driving. On the other end of the spectrum there is crimina l deviance, dog fighting, robbery, and possession of drugs are a few examples. However, the one thing that all deviant behavior has in common is it is all defined within a particular society and at a particular time.Deviant behavior is socially constructed with the people in power defining what is expectable and what is deviant. An example of deviance here in the United States can be found in our freedom of religion. Our society was created with a strong Christian background; attending church on Sundays is widely accepted and practiced among many of our citizens. Conversely, state that you’re a satanic worshiper and you will most definitely carry a social stigma. There are other forms of deviant behavior that people can unwillingly acquire through a social stigma.Being overweight can carry a stigma within our society because overweight people are assumed to be weak in character. Being grossly unattractive can also carry an unwanted social stigma. Social deviance is subject to different social interpretations and varies throughout different cultures. What is considered deviant in one culture may be considered normal in another. Dog fighting is an example of contrasting social deviance between the USA and Afghanistan. Getting caught dog fighting in the United States and you will be thrown in jail and carry a social stigma for the rest of your life.The professional footballer Michael Vick is an example of this negative stigma. Conversely, dog fighting in Afghanistan is widely accepted and practiced every Friday morning (The Scoop, 2002). Oddly enough this was not always the case. When the Taliban was in control there were strict punishments for men who were caught fighting dogs. The Taliban encouraged sports like football, cricket, and martial arts in lieu of dog fighting. This is an example of how deviant behavior can be constructed by the people in power and how deviance can shift from one social era to another.Deviance is a complicated subject. It can b e widely accepted or rejected within a society, and will change over time. Throughout my life I have witnessed many forms of once deviant behavior becoming more and more accepted. I believe there are two primary reasons behind this shift. The first is Colorado Springs becoming a larger more populated city and the second is the mass media. When we think of the sociological perspective on deviance some people don’t even know what deviance means. Everyone has seen some type of deviance in an informal way or formal sense.Society looks at people in a way that everyone should be the same. A person that has a lot of tattoos and piercing would get looked at that they are a bad person just because the way they look. Image, sexual act, and sexual orientation are a few ways that some cultures and people look to define deviance. Functionalist perspective is one key look into deviance. Durkheim focused on the study of crime. He believed that punishment within culture would help define nor mal behavior. The way he looked at things was in a way that he thought things could get fixed.While reading this I believe everyone has their own way to express themselves no matter what culture they were raised in. The look into the functionalist perspective has a lot to do with the perspective of the people and how they look at things. Internactionist perspective explains why rule violations accrue and how people fight from conforming. They state that by not following rules, which are set by certain people, that you are a deviant. There are so many rules out there. Cultural transmission is or stated by the ethnic group or race groups.When you are in school you tend to hang out with your ethic group or race because it’s where you fit in. Like when you see graffiti some people think it is a disgrace to the environment others think of it as art. Like when I look at graffiti I don’t look at it as bad, it’s an art and a talent. We all learn how to act by what socia l groups we are in or what we see. Everyone has their own perspective there is nothing we can do about that. We look at street racers as being deviant because they race. Race car drivers do the same things just in another place other than street.So why do street racers get looked at differently? That doesn’t make sense. Trying to maintain social control is what they try to keep in order. There are main roles in life such as police that try to control or enforce the rules of the world. Then you got teachers, doctors, lawyers, and other court officials that all try to keep the world one way. In this sense they all try to pick out your looks, deviant in their eyes. By social profiling was a way they were trying to pick out who they thought was doing badly. Now looking at sexual deviance or sexual orientation people believe it should be one way and only one way.The way society looks at it as you should be man and women. And sex should only be done one way. Also what is looked at as being sexual crime there are things that some people think that is against sex code such as bondage? They think it is a crime but some people like that. There are so many things in this world that people see as deviant but really isn’t. Conflict theory defines how there are lawsuits against or towards gambling, drugs and etc. Some cultures look at gambling as a past time but the law looks at it being bad. Why should the way we were raised or how we were brought up by against us.The justice system is and will always judge against us. While looking and reading on deviants everyone is deviant in some way, shape or form. I know that I am looked at as being deviant. There are many out there that will always judge. Also by reading this opens my eyes to how things really work. Why should there be social norms on society. This is all on the perspective view of others. In Sociology, crime is identified as a deviant behavior. It is deviant in that it goes against accepted or written rules and laws that guide a society.To understand crime and sociology, one must first understand the â€Å"Conflict Theory† founded by Karl Marx. Conflict theory sees society as two struggling groups engaged in conflict over resources. Under this theory, it is believed that the capitalist class (or the society elites) commits acts of deviance just as the working class does. The main difference is that society elites determine the rules regarding what is deviant. This difference among the people will always lead to conflict. This idea explains why there is crime in societies and why it will never cease to be.Sociologists classify crimes by three types: crimes against a person, crimes against property, and victimless crimes. Crimes against a person include any offenses where violence is used or threatened. Mugging and assault are examples of crimes against a person. Crimes against property include theft of property or damage done to someone else's property. Burglary and arson are crimes against property. Finally, victimless crimes are crimes that are against the law, but no victim exists. Prostitution and marijuana are common examples of victimless crimes. In sociology, all crimes fall into one of these three categories.A victimless crime is a term used to refer to actions that have been ruled illegal but do not directly violate or threaten the rights of another individual. It often involves consensual acts in which two or more persons agree to commit a criminal offence in which no other person is involved. For example, in the United States current victimless crimes include prostitution, gambling, and illicit drug use. The term â€Å"victimless crime† is not used in jurisprudence, but is used to cast doubt onto the efficacy of existing and proposed legislation; or to highlight the unintended consequences of the same.In politics, for example, a lobbyist might use this word with the implication that the law in question should be abolished. Victimles s crimes are not always so weighty. Some examples of low level victimless activities that may be criminalized include: * individual purchase and consumption of recreational drugs (provided one does not hurt anyone else due to the effects) * prostitution and/or soliciting for prostitution * public nudity or fornication * the consumption of pornography Crimes committed by persons for whom criminally punishable acts are a permanent occupation and the primary source of money.Persons who engage in professional crime have the skills and means necessary for criminal activity and specialize in some particular type of crime, such as theft or buying and selling of stolen goods. Professional crime has its own psychology and customs, but many times professional crimes tie in with organized crime. Organized crime is transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals for the purpose of engaging in illegal activity, most commonly for monetary profit.Some times criminal organizations force people to do business with them, as when a gang extorts money from shopkeepers for â€Å"protection†. Gangs may become â€Å"disciplined† enough to be considered â€Å"organized†. An organized gang or criminal set can also be referred to as a mob. In the United States the Organized Crime Control Act (1970) defines organized crime as â€Å"The unlawful activities of a highly organized, disciplined association†. Criminal activity as a structured group is referred to as racketeering and such crime is commonly referred to as the work of the Mob.In addition, due to the escalating violence of Mexico's drug war, the Mexican drug cartels are considered the ‘greatest organized crime threat to the United States', according to a report issued by the United States Department of Justice. White-collar crime is a financially motivated, non-violent crime committed for monetary gain. Within the field of criminology, white-collar cr ime initially was defined by Edwin Sutherland in 1939 as â€Å"a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation† (1939).Sutherland was a proponent of Symbolic Interactionism, and believed that criminal behavior was learned from interpersonal interaction with others. The term white-collar crime only dates back to 1939. Professor Edwin Hardin Sutherland was the first to coin the term, and hypothesize white-collar criminals attributed different characteristics and motives than typical street criminals. Sutherland defined his idea as â€Å"crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation. The introduction of white-collar crime was a relatively new issue to criminology at that time.He was urging other criminologists to stop focusing on the socially and economically disadvantaged. The types of individuals who committed these crimes lived successfully and were respected by soci ety in general-also criminologists; because these criminals were held to such a high regard, these individuals were given a blind eye to the crimes they committed. Our group choose this chapter ‘Deviance and Social Control’ to share with you all today, because we feel everyone can relate to the sociologists’ perspective regarding social control, deviance, and crime.We have learned law and society play an important role in social control, deviant acts to one person may in fact be part of another person’s culture, and crime has many different categories such as victimless crime, professional crime, and organized crime that all have formal penalties that are enforce by governmental authority. References * http://willapse. hubpages. com/hub/Thailand-Health–Safety-and-Risks-2-Crime * http://encyclopedia2. thefreedictionary. com/Professional+Crime * Attenborough, F. L. ed. and trans. ) (1922). The Laws of the Earliest English Kings. Cambridge: Cambridge U niversity Press. Reprint March 2006. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 1-58477-583-1 * Schaefer, R. T. (2009). Sociology: A Brief Introduction. (8th ed. Pp. 160-163). New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. * One good reason why dogs miss the Taliban. (2002), The Scoop. Canine Nation. Retrieved from http://dogsinthenews. com/issues/0201/articles/020124a. htm * http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=GHuI2JIPylk&feature=related

Leonardo Fibonacci essays

Leonardo Fibonacci essays Leonardo Fibonacci was born in Pisa, Italy around 1175 to Guilielmo Bonacci. Leonardos father was the secretary of the Republic of Pisa and directed the Pisan trading colony. His father intended on Leonardo becoming a merchant. His father enlisted him in the Pisan Republic, sending him to various countries. As Leonardo continued to travel with his father, he acquired mathematical skills while in Bugia. Fibonacci continued to study throughout his travels, which ended around the year 1200. Leonardo began writing books on number theory, practical problems of business mathematics, surveying, advanced problems in algebra and recreational mathematics. Leonardos recreational problems became known as story problems and became mental challenges in the 13th century. Of all the books he wrote we still have copies of Liber abbaci (1202), Practica geometriae (1220), Flos (1225), and Liber Quadratorum. Sadly his books on commercial arithmetic Di minor guisa is lost as well as his commentary on Book X Euclids Elements. One of Leonardos contributions to mathematics was his introducing the Decimal Number system into Europe. He was one of the first people to introduce the Hindus of those problems are, A spider climbs so many feet up a wall each day and slips back a fixed number each night, how many days does it take him to climb the wall. These problems became quite popular. Another accomplishment was his forming the Fibonacci Series. It is a series of number in which each member is the sum of the two preceding numbers. For example, a series beginning 0, 1 ... continues as 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, and so forth. The exact period of this discovery is not known. Leonardo was a bright man, but left mu ...