Introduction to service marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Introduction to service marketing - Assignment Example The study also highlights the benefits as well as shortcomings of some of the modes of integrated marketing communication. The Indy event is Queenslands premier sporting event which had an average attendance of about 297, 835 people. This event has generated over seven hundred jobs in several industries had has pumped more that fifty million US dollars into the Australian economy. The importance of the event can be gauged from the fact that the Queensland government injected over ten million US dollars towards the promotion of the event which it right describes as an amount spent well. The Indy event is a four day motor rally which is in the existence for about thirteen years. This event is also popular in the international markets and has over seven hundred acclaimed media persons from across the world who come from over 195 countries from across the globe. In 2002, the Indy event was placed in the Queensland Tourism Awards Hall of Fame for the third consecutive year. There are certain characteristics of services that makes a particular service brand unique and pragmatically difficult for managers to capture. The augmented services offering model helps in identifying brand differentiation sources. (Ozment, 1994) This model states that as a charecteristic of most of the services there are three basic components which forms the managerial way of constituting the process. The three components are stated below namely, The Indy event must be organised in such a away that it is fully accesible to people form all over the world. As the event is held in Queensland Austrailia hence it is properly accesible to both the guests as well as the racists who participate in the event. The event managers must also ensure that the consumer participates in the event both passively and actively in the event. The event organisor must ensure that guests are fully satisfied and they promote the event (word of mouth communication) amongst their

Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Share Essay Example for Free

Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Share Essay Littlefield Simulation 2 strategy: Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Share 1 More Next Blog » Create Blog Sign In Littlefield Simulation 2 strategy Sunday, July 17, 2011 Littlefield Technologies Simulation Game 2 strategy Followers Join this site with Google Friend Connect Just went through this last semester. We ended up in first place even though we made a few minor mistakes. First a few links that helped us: There are no members yet. Be the first! http://archive.ite.journal.informs.org/Vol5No2/Miyaoka/ http://wordpress.shetgar.com/blog/?p=59 http://www.scribd.com/doc/51139499/Littlefield ­Simulation ­2 ­Report Already a member? Sign in Here is what we did: Pre ­Game Activities: The team met the Tuesday before class to examine the data  and discuss strategies. It was apparent that both Stations 1 and 3 were operating at full capacity, frequently hitting 100% utilization. Station 3 seemed more strained since it had higher queues (Mean=506, STD=498) than Station 1(Mean=187, STD=175). Since the average job lead time exceeded 2 days during days 43 through 46, inclusive, we thought it would be unprofitable to attempt to move to the $1,000 contracts. We discussed the options of altering the lot sizes, but decided that the extra setup time would only create more bottlenecks downstream. About Me Blog Archive HB ââ€" ¼ 2011 (1) View my complete profile ââ€" ¼ July (1) Littlefield Technologi es Simulation Game 2 strateg Stage 1: As a result of our analysis, the team’s initial actions included: 1. Leave the contracts at $750. 2. Change the reorder point to 3000 (possibly risking running out of stock). 3. Change the reorder quantity to 3600 kits. 4. Purchase a second machine for Station 3 as soon as our cash balance reached $137,000 ($100K + 37K). This strategy proved successful and after the second machine for Station 3 was purchased on Day 56 and the queue cleared, we were able to switch to the $1,000 contracts. We occasionally lost a few dollars for being a little late, but we always made more than we would have under the $750 contracts. Stage 2: The next goal was to save enough cash to purchase a machine for Station 1 so that we could switch to the $1,250 contracts. During the cash building stage, we made the inventory order quantity as high as we could afford, which was 6,900 kits at a purchase price of $70,000. When the 6,900 kits were delivered, we switched the order quantity back to 3,600 so that we could purchase a Station 1 machine as soon as our cash balance reached $127,000 ($90K + 37K). After 21 factory days, we were able to purchase the fourth machine for Station 1 and immediately moved to the $1,250 contracts. The average lead time declined to under a half a day during factory days 69 through 76. There was a substantial decline in arriving orders during the same time period. The team noticed the drop in lead time and regrets not having moved to the $1,250 contracts sooner. We lost $22,750 of potential revenue for not moving on the information sooner. On the other hand, orders are random and an early move could have backfired on us. Stage 3: During our preliminary meeting, the team discussed the possibility of purchasing a fifth machine for Station 1. We decided to wait and see if the loss of potential ea  rnings was sufficient to justify a $90 K purchase. We knew that if we were going to buy a fifth machine we should do it as soon as possible to maximize the return on investment. We calculated the loss of potential revenue as ($1,250 – actual average revenues * jobs completed). Our initial estimates showed a potential revenue loss of $266 per day, but within a few factory days the rate of potential loss rose to $419 per day. There is another consideration in the decision to purchase a fifth machine for Station 1. The title of the Littlefield Technologies game 2 is Customer Responsiveness. The title implies that we should be concerned about the consistency with which we deliver on our service level agreements (SLAs). The potential loss of $419 per day barely covers the $90,000 machine purchaseÍ ¾ however we were missing our SLAs 13 out of 15 days and the percent of potential revenues lost due to missing SLAs was 3%. We decided to purchase the fifth machine on Day 94 primarily to improve our customer responsiveness. This strategy did not perform as well as we had hoped. While our potential revenues lost declined to 1%, we were still missing our SLAs six out of seven days. Stage 4. During Stage 4, we explored job splitting as a solution to the SLA problem. First, we split jobs into two batch of 30 kits each. This strategy worked so well that we wondered why we hadn’t explored job splitting during Stage 2 or 3. We met our SLAs 12 out of 16 days and our percent of potential revenues lost declined to 0.4%. We calculated the setup times as a proportion of a

My Favorite Seasons: Summer and Winter Essay example -- Personal Narrat

If I had to choose my favorite season it would be a very difficult choice. All four seasons are unique in their own special way, such as the climate, scenery, and activities. Although I enjoy the warmer months of summer, I also enjoy the cooler months of winter. In a sense, I have narrowed my favorite seasons down to two; summer and winter. The biggest difference between summer and winter is the climate. One of the main attractions of summer is the warm weather. I like being outside on a bright sunny day, and letting the sun warm my body. I also like that we get an occasional thunder storm. The excitement fills the air when I see the thunder clouds rolling in. The sound of thunder, and the lighting shows that come from the storms are fascinating. On the other hand winter i...

Dent’s Disastrous Pronouns Essay

Stewart Pidd Hates English contains the following information about pronouns: Pronouns function as replacement words for noun phrases and nouns. Three common types of pronouns that give writers trouble are indefinite pronouns, possessive pronouns, and personal pronouns. Pronouns have different functions. Pronouns that do not refer to an object or a particular person are indefinite pronouns; possessive pronouns show possession; personal pronouns replace an object or a specific person. Writers can use pronouns to prevent unneeded repetition. An antecedent is the noun that comes before or after the pronoun(s) that reference it (Pollitt and Baker 70-85). Faulty pronoun agreement is a common writing error. In â€Å"Go Big or Go Home,† Jimmy Dent fails to make his pronouns agree with their antecedents. Dent makes a pronoun/antecedent agreement error. He writes, â€Å"I was out front working on my old motorcycle and said, ‘Hey, Stewie, when a skater dude goes to Ludville Pipe, they need to go big or go home’†(1). The singular antecedent, â€Å"skater dude† does not agree with the plural pronoun â€Å"they.† To fix the sentence, Dent needs to change the singular antecedent â€Å"skater dude† to a plural antecedent â€Å"skater dudes.† The revised sentence will read, â€Å"I was out front working on my old motorcycle and said, ‘Hey, Stewie, when skater dudes go to Ludville Pipe, they need to go big or go home.’† Dent makes a pronoun/antecedent agreement error with an indefinite pronoun. He states, â€Å"‘Stewart Pidd!’ I yelled, through the rusty spokes or my front rim, ‘Nobody wants to put their relatives in a home’† (2). The singular antecedent â€Å"Nobody† does not agree with the plural possessive pronoun â€Å"their.† To fix the sentence, Dent needs to change the singular indefinite pronoun â€Å"Nobody† to a plural pronoun â€Å"In-laws.† The revised sentence will read, â€Å"‘Stewart Pidd!’ I yelled, through the rusty spokes or my front rim, ‘In-laws don’t want to put their relatives in a home’† Dent makes a pronoun/antecedent agreement error using a collective noun. He writes, â€Å"On a good day, the Dent clan will unite to make their relatives feel like chewed-up gum’† (2). The singular antecedent â€Å"clan† does not agree with the plural possessive pronoun â€Å"their.† The collective noun â€Å"clan† is singular because it a group functioning as a unit. In order to fix the sentence, Dent needs to replace the plural pronoun â€Å"their† with singular possessive pronoun â€Å"our.† The revised sentence will read, â€Å"On a good day, the Dent clan will unite to make our relatives feel like chewed-up gum.† Untrained writers and speakers who make pronoun agreement errors should consider the wise words of Thomas Browne: â€Å"There is music wherever there is harmony, order or proportion.† Good writing is like good music. Having pronoun agreement brings harmony, order, and proportion to one’s writing. Having harmony, order, and proportion creates music in the writing. Works Cited Browne, Thomas. Attackthetext.com. Web. 14 Feb. 2013. Dent, Jimmy. â€Å"Go Big or Go Home.† 28 Feb. 2010. Print. Pollitt, Gary, and Craig Baker. Stewart Pidd Hates English. 2nd ed. Oceanside: Attack The Text Publishing. 2010. Print.

Post-CABG Nursing

Coronary heart disease is a major physical illness and one of the main causes of death in Western society People who do not die an early and sudden death may have to consider a major surgical treatment, the most prevalent being coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). More than 350,000 such operations are performed annually in the United States alone. This operation prolongs the life of patients in cases of triple-vessel disease It also improves patients' quality of life), thus providing them with the opportunity for successful rehabilitation (Ben-Zur, 2000).The postoperative complications of CABG include the following: high anxiety or depression, central nervous system damage (CNS), and atrial fibrillation. In this paper, we will discuss the postoperative complications of CABG and how they impact nursing practice. . During the first several weeks after CABG surgery, states of high anxiety or depression are usually observed (see, for example, Pick, Molloy, Hinds, Pearce, & Salmon , 1994; Trzcieniecka-Green & Steptoe, 1994).In long-term research (that is, approximately one year after the operation), the results present a more positive trend in terms of elevation in positive moods (King, Porter, Norsen, & Reis, 1992; King, Reis, Porter, & Norsen, 1993), as well as an increase in quality of life (Kulik & Mahler, 1993). Such outcomes can be accounted for by illness severity factors. In addition, in recent years, the individual's personality and coping characteristics have been investigated as important determinants of post-CABG patients' emotional reactions and rehabilitation (Ben-Zur et al., 2000). Research studies indicate that depression is prevalent in approximately 20% of CAD patients, and has a significant effect on post-surgery morbidity and mortality. (Remedio, 2003). One major type of morbidity following CABG is central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction (. Barbut D, Hinton et al. 1985)]. Of all the adverse neurological outcomes that may be incurred posto peratively, stroke is one of the most serious.However, due to technological and surgical improvements the incidence of stroke is now reported to be as low as between 0. 8 and 5. 8% [McCann GM, et al. 1997) Duke University Medical Center study published in 2001 indicated that fully half of people undergoing bypass surgery developed memory or thinking problems in the days following it, and that these problems were usually still evident five years later. (Bypass surgery and memory, 2005) Consequently, the rate of post-CABG stroke is no longer a sufficient index of CNS dysfunction.Neuropsychological research suggests, however, that a considerable proportion of all patients who undergo CABG sustain some degree of cerebral damage and that this manifests as mild cognitive impairment. Although these cognitive deficits rarely disturb activities of daily living, they are still considered cause for concern. Therefore, it is these less severe forms of neurological injury, which are now targeted for reduction in what has been described as an age of quality improvement (Stump D. A. 1995; Stump D. A. , Rogers A. T. , and Hammon , J. W. 1996;].Cognitive impairment following coronary artery bypass grafting, Neuropsychological tests are valuable tools in the assessment of brain dysfunction as they provide a method of systematically and quantitatively studying the behavioral expressions of this dysfunction (Lezak, 1995) .As there is now only a low risk of stroke following CABG, milder forms of cerebral damage have become a greater focus of concern. Consequently, neuropsychological assessment has become more important within the domain of cardiac surgery. The advantage of neuropsychological tests is that they are capable of detecting subtle changes in cognitive function.In comparison, conventional neurological assessment techniques, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination, are less sensitive and therefore less able to detect subtle CNS changes In addition, neurological assessme nt techniques do not lend themselves as readily to quantitative analysis [Heyer E. J, et al. 1995) Cognitive decline has been observed by many researchers using batteries of neuropsychological tests, usually administered to patients before and after surgery. A patient’s pre- and postoperative scores are then compared. In this way, intersubject variability is minimized as the subjects act as their own controls.While cognitive deficits have been consistently reported in the immediate postoperative period, some researchers have readministered test batteries in the immediate postoperative period, typically within 5–10 days of surgery (Aris A, et al, 1986; Clark et al. , 1995; . Newman MF, Croughwell ND, Blumenthal JA et al. 1994; Pugsley et al, 1994; Shaw PJ et al. 1986; Townes B. D. , Bashein G. , Hornbein T. F. et al. 1989; Symes et al, 2000).. Atrial fibrillation (AF), although t not life threatening, is one of the most common complications after CABG.Hospital stays oft en are prolonged due to intermittent hemodynamic instability of thomboembolic complications. During AF, loss of synchronous atrial mechanical activity response, and inappropriately high heart rates may have adverse effects o n hemodynamic functions and cause hypotension and hear failure. Of all the complications associated with postoperative AF< the most serious are throboemboic complications, which cause permanent morbidity in many patients. Risk of postoperative stroke has been found to be significantly increased with postoperative atrial tacharrhymias.Earlier studies shows that the incidence of AF can be as high as 50% in patients after the incidence of AF can be as high as 50% in patient after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), with a peak incidence on postoperative day 2 to 3. Atrial effective refractory periods (ERP) has been used a parameter to evaluate atrial repolarization and ERP and its dispersion are known parameters of atrial vulnerability that indicate enhanced at rial arrhythmogenesis, include a history spontaneous paroxysmal AF and easy inductility of atrial arrhthmias.( Solyu et al). Pleural effusion occurs in up to 80% of patients during the first week after CABG. Most of these effusions are small, self-limiting and do not require interventions. However, chronic, persistent post-CABG effusions have been reported. The etiology of these persistent effusions remains unknown. ( Lee et al, 2001) Sleep disturbances is another big postoperative complication The purpose of a 1996 Schafer et al study was to describe the nature and frequency of sleep pattern disturbances in patients post coronary artery bypass (CABG) surgery.An exploratory design using telephone interviews at one week, one month, three months and six months was used to describe the incidence and nature of sleep disturbances post CABG surgery. Forty-nine patients completed all four measurement times. More than half of the patients reported sleep disturbances at each measurement time . Sleep disturbances during the first month post CABG were reported to be the result of incisional pain, difficulty finding a comfortable position and nocturia. Although less frequent over time, these problems persisted for six months. . Miller et al (2004) discusses post CABG postoperative symptoms.At 1 week post-CABG, symptoms were incisional pain, wound drainage, chest congestion, shortness of breath, dizziness, sweating, swollen feet, and loss of appetite; incisional pain and swollen feet were reported by a few patients at 6 weeks after CABG. The incidence and frequency of postoperative symptoms declined over time. There were several age-related differences in symptom reports prior to and at 1 and 6 weeks after the procedure (Miller et al, 2004. ). Nursing interventions A wide variety of interventions have been tested for recovery of CABG patients. These 19 studies tested 20 interventions.Most of the interventions were educational in nature and dealt with preoperative or dischar ge instructions or counseling provided to patients. Preoperative interventions to affect in-hospital recovery included preparatory information about cognitive dysfunction following surgery, preparatory information and counseling about physical and psychologic recovery, and psychiatric counseling. Two of the studies[Rice VH, Mullin MH, Jarosz P.. 1992. ] compared the effectiveness of preadmission versus postadmission preparatory instructions, and one study [Barnason S, Zimmerman L, Nieveen J. 1995; Gortner SR, Gilliss CL, Shinn JA, Sparacino PA, et al.1988); . compared the effects of music, relaxation, and structured rest on hospital recovery outcomes. One study tested the effect of in-hospital range-of-motion (ROM) exercises on arm ROM at discharge. Interventions for home recovery were delivered close to the time of discharge or within the first couple of weeks following discharge. Most of the studies involved tests of structured discharge preparatory information about home recovery using slide and tape programs,[ Gortner SR, Gilliss CL, Shinn JA, Sparacino PA, et al. 1988; Gilliss CL, Gortner SR, Hauck WW, Shinn JA, Sparacino PA, Tompkins C. 1993;.] telephone follow-up and counseling,[ Gortner SR, Gilliss CL, Shinn JA, Sparacino PA, et al.. 1988;13:649-661. , Gilliss CL, Gortner SR, Hauck WW, Shinn JA, Sparacino PA, Tompkins C. 1993; Beckie T. 1989; Barnason S, Zimmerman L. 1995;] outpatient group teaching,[ Dracup; 1982. Dissertation. ,32] and homegoing audiotapes Interventions to promote risk factor modification behaviors included four studies[Dracup KA. 1982. ] that assessed the effect of structured versus unstructured teaching programs designed to increase knowledge of risk factors and enhance compliance with risk factor modification behaviors.Another study tested an education program that included a behavioral component as well Various outcome variables have been used to evaluate CABG recovery. The most frequently used outcome was mood states; 10 of the 19 studies used mood states as an outcome measure. The most frequently used measurement point for hospital recovery outcomes was the first day following surgery and discharge. Home recovery outcomes were usually measured at 1, 3, and 6 months following discharge. Outcomes associated with risk factor modification most often were measured at 6 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months following surgery.What is the effectiveness of the interventions? Preparatory information was the intervention most frequently tested. In the two studies[Rice VH, Mullin MH, Jarosz P. 1992;, Anderson EA. 1987;] assessing its effectiveness to reduce analgesia use during hospital recovery, preoperative preparatory information was not found to be effective. Preoperative preparatory information was found to be effective in increasing patients' comfort and control when experiencing postoperative delirium.There was no support for the ability of preoperative preparatory information to reduce anxiety during in-hospital reco very] Discharge preparatory information also was found not to be effective in three of the four studies evaluating mood states during home recovery; this finding was noted even when individual counseling and telephone follow-up were added to the initial information provided Preadmission preparatory information about activity resumption during hospital recovery was found to be effective in one study (Cupples 1991. ] but not in another. [ Rice VH, Mullin MH, Jarosz P. 1992).Activity resumption at home was found to be significantly increased by the provision of discharge preparatory information in two[Gilliss CL, Gortner SR, Hauck WW, Shinn JA, Sparacino PA, Tompkins C. 1993; Moore SM. 1996] 33 of three studies. Discharge preparatory information aimed at families was not found to be effective in improving family functioning (family cohesion and family communication) during the home recovery periodGiven the small number of studies addressing the effect of preparatory information on phys iologic outcomes (blood pressure, heart rate, angina), no conclusions were made about its effectiveness on these variables.Similarly, no conclusions were drawn about the effectiveness of ROM exercises, music, and visual imaging to enhance CABG recovery because of the small single studies testing each of these interventions. There was clear evidence that information interventions designed to increase individuals' knowledge about managing recovery experiences during the first home recovery month and about coronary artery disease risk factor modification was effective; three of the four studies evaluating this intervention found significant effects.Similarly, tests of the effectiveness of structured versus unstructured instruction indicated that structured information was more effective in increasing knowledge. Education to enhance compliance with medical regimens and risk factor modifications was found to be effective for some risk modification behaviors but not for others. It appears that information alone does not change behaviors. Allen's[Allen. 1996;. ] study of an intervention to increase self-efficacy using both counseling and behavior modification techniques represented an important departure from previous interventions that were based solely on education and counseling.Although Allen found a positive effect for only one of the risk modification behaviors studied (dietary intake), the addition of a behavioral component is an important change in cardiovascular health behavior modification interventions. Gender differences have been widely explored by nurses. Investigators have identified that gender can constitute a form a biculturalism (that is, women view surgery as a minor inconvenience, whereas men view it as a major life event). Postoperative symptoms vary, with males experiencing more fatigue, incisional chest pain, and atrial dysrythmias.Conversely, women have more numbness and breast discomfort, heart failure, and functional impairment. The 2 areas wherein the most work has been done are pain and sleep. A number of descriptive studies have been done on patients' self-report of pain, their satisfaction with treatment, and underuse of analgesics. Limited research on interventions to relieve pain has been reported. Despite these studies on pain outcomes, more exploratory work is required for pain associated with minimally invasive cardiac surgery, pain, and discomfort at discharge, and subsequently identification and trialing of interventions to provide pain relief.The relationships between exercise behavior and functional status of men and women 5 to 6 years after CABG have not been examined in a representative patient sample. This study (Treat-Jacobson & Lindquist, 2004). compared the 5- to 6-year recovery in a cohort of 184 patients at the Minnesota site of the Post CABG Biobehavioral Study. Data were collected by telephone interview and self-administered questionnaires. Results showed that women had lower physical (p ? .004) and social (p = . 001) functioning scores; men were more likely to participate in regular exercise (p = .01). Exercisers had higher functional status scores. ANCOVA demonstrated that differences in measures of functional status by exercise category were maintained even after controlling for age, sex, and symptom severity (p ? .01). In conclusion, individuals who exercised had more positive functional outcomes 5 to 6 years In general, nurse investigators have conducted sufficient studies within each of the generic outcome categories to allow for identification of cardiac surgery-specific outcomes that can be considered nurse sensitive.Artinian (1993) demonstrated that in the early recovery phase, only 62% of women spouses felt they were prepared for discharge, with key concerns being the availability of social support, use of coping strategies, personal resources, and knowing what to expect. At 6 weeks after discharge, women's concerns were most often regarding their husband's self- care activities, uncertainty, and husband's physical and mental symptoms. At 1 year after surgery, women reported less social support and greater role strain than they did at earlier time periods.48 Other investigators have shown that positive psychosocial adjustment to illness is influenced both by the quality of the patient's marriage and level of dysphoria. 49 Nursing interventions to improve family functioning have been reported by a number of investigators. Family members of ICU patients, who were recipients of care from nurses who attended educational sessions and who used checklists to assure provision of information and support, reported lower anxiety and higher satisfaction levels than did families not provided with this level of care.50 Other reports of a controlled trial with a nurse-led psychoeducational intervention51 and follow-up phone calls33 demonstrated no differences in improving patients' recovery or family functioning. Further research in this field should focus on determining if these findings persist across different demographic and economic groups Studies of functional status outcomes have focused on general activity and activities of daily living (ADLs). Specific findings have included that high levels of self-efficacy and decreased tension and anxiety at 4 weeks after surgery are predictive of greater activity at 8 weeks.Women report greater disruption of ADLs at 1 than at 3 months, while disruption of their recreational activities is similar at both times. Need during home health visits include maximum assistance with meals and laundry but only partial assistance with bathing and dressing. One randomized controlled trial comparing usual care with supplemental hospital education and weekly telephone follow-up to improve self-efficacy demonstrated that patients in the experimental group developed higher expectations for walking, lifting, climbing stairs, and working than did patients in the control group.(Whitman, 2004). Conclusion Cor onary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is regularly performed in most major hospitals, reflecting the high prevalence of coronary artery disease in western countries. A number of studies have identified cohorts of patients undergoing CABG and other cardiac procedures who experience a higher than expected rate of mortality and morbidity. Increasing age, poor left ventricular function, urgent/emergency procedures, complex operations and reoperation procedures have all been identified as risk factors resulting in prolonged hospital stays and increased morbidity.Subsequently, with current emphasis on both better clinical management and more cost-efficient practice, it is becoming increasingly beneficial to identify low-risk patients who can be safely ‘fast tracked’ to reduce postoperative management costs. The current, eclectic mix of topics studied reflects early resolution of specific issues. However, surgical procedures, recovery times, hospital length of stay, transit ional care facility length of stay, use of home healthcare, and patient characteristics have changed dramatically during the last decade, suggesting that new functional outcome recovery trajectories evolved.These new patterns for functional recovery and interventions merit new inquiry and reporting. The nursing studies have been well designed and have allowed the investigators to move, in many categories, through logical iterations of discovery (this is, from exploratory and descriptive work to predictive and correlational work and, finally, into interventional work). Future work in all categories needs to focus on moving through these stages and enhancing the current directions being taken so that patients achieve positive, optimal outcomes.Such information can be used to plan the care of patients undergoing CABG, to prepare them for normal recovery, and to determine the need for symptom management by health care providers References Allen J. A. . (2000) Coronary risk factor modifi cation in women after coronary artery bypass surgery. Nurs Res;45:260-265. Aris, A, et al.. Arterial line filtration during cardiopulmonary bypass. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery1986; 91:526–533. Artinian N. (1993) Spouses' perception of readiness for discharge after cardiac surgery. Appl Nurs Res. ;6(2):80-88 Barbarowicz P, Nelson M, DeBusk RF, Haskell WL.A comparison of in-hospital education approaches for coronary bypass patients. Heart Lung. 1980;9:127-133. Barbut D. , Hinton R. B. , Szatrowski T. P. et al. Cerebral emboli detected during bypass surgery are associated with clamp removal. Stroke 1994; 25:2398–2402. Barnason S, Zimmerman L. (2000) A comparison of patient teaching outcomes among postoperative coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs. ;10:11-20. Barnason S. , Zimmerman L. , Nieveen J.. Psychosocial aspects of cardiac care: The effects of music interventions on anxiety in the patient after coronary artery bypass grafting.Heart Lung 1995;24:124-132. Beckie T. A supportive-educative telephone program: Impact on knowledge and anxiety after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Heart Lung. 1989;18:46-55. Ben-Zur, Hasida, Rappaport, Batya, Ammar, Ronny, Uretzky, Gideon. Life Style Changes, And Pessimism After Open-Heart Surgery Health & Social Work, 03607283, Aug2000, Vol. 25, Issue 3 Bypass surgery and memory. (cover story) Harvard Heart Letter, Aug2005, Vol. 15 Issue 12, p1-2 Clark R E. et al. (1995).. Microemboli during coronary artery bypass grafting. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery; 109:249–258.Cupples S. A. Effects of timing and reinforcement of preoperative education on knowledge and recovery of patients having coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Heart Lung. 1991;20:654-660. Dracup K. A.. The Effect of a Role Supplementation Program for Cardiac Patients and Spouses on Mastery of the At-Risk Role. Ann Arbor, Ml: University Microfilms International; 1982. Dissertati on. Gilliss CL, Gortner SR, Hauck WW, Shinn JA, Sparacino PA, Tompkins C. A randomized clinical trial of nursing care for recovery from cardiac surgery. Heart Lung. 1993;22:125-133.Gortner SR, Gilliss CL, Shinn JA, Sparacino PA, et al (2000). Improving recovery following cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial. J Adv Nurs. 13:649-661. Heyer E. J. , Delphin E. , Adams D. C . et al. Cerebral dysfunction after cardiac operations in elderly patients. Annals ofThoracic Surgery 1995; 60:1716–1722. King, K. B. , Porter, L. A. , Norsen, L. H. , & Reis, H. T. (1992). Patient perceptions of quality of life after coronary artery surgery: Was it worth it? Research in Nursing and Health, 15, 327-334. King, K. B. , Reis, H. T. , Porter, L. A. , & Norsen, L.H. (1993). Social support and long-term recovery from coronary artery surgery: Effects on patients and spouses. Health Psychology, 12, 56-63. Kulik, J. A. , & Mahler, H. I. M. (1993). Emotional support as a moderator of adjustment a nd compliance after coronary artery bypass surgery: A longitudinal study. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 16, 45-63. Lee, Y. C. et al. (2001). Symptomatic Persistent Post-Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Pleural Effusions Requiring Operative Treatment. CHEST, Vol. 119 Issue 3, p795-801. Lezak M. D. Neuropsychological Assessment. 3rd edn.New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Lyon, William J. ; Baker, Robert A. ; Andrew, Marie J. ; Tirimacco, Rosy; White, Graham H. ; Knight, John L. (2003). Relationship between elevated preoperative troponin T and adverse outcomes following cardiac surgery.. ANZ Journal of Surgery 1/2, p40-44. Marshall J, Penckofer S, Llewellyn J. Structured postoperative teaching and knowledge and compliance of patients who had coronary artery bypass surgery. HeartLung. 1986;15:76-82. McKhann GM, Goldsborough MA, Borowicz LM et al. Cognitive outcome after coronary artery bypass: a one year prospective study.Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1997; 63:510–515. Miller, K . H. ; Grindel, C. G, (2004). Comparison of Symptoms of Younger and Older Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.. Clinical Nursing Research, 3, p179-193 Moore SM. (2002) The effects of a discharge information intervention on recovery outcomes following coronary artery bypass surgery. Int J Nurs Stud. 33:181-189. Munro I. Two-year follow up study of coronary artery bypass surgery. Psychologic status, employment status and quality of life. Journal of Thoracic and CardiovascularSurgery 1998; 97:78–85.Newman M. F. , Croughwell N. D. , (1994). Blumenthal JA et al. Effect of aging on cerebral auto regulation during cardiopulmonary bypass – association with postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Circulation 90:243–249. Penckofer S, Llewellyn J. Adherence to risk-factor instructions one year following coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 1989;3:10-24. Pick, B. , Molloy, A. , Hinds, C. , Pearce, S. , & Salmon, P. (1994). Post-operative fatigue fo llowing coronary artery bypass surgery: Relationship to emotional state and to the cathecholamine response to surgery.Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 599-607. Pugsley W, et al. (1994).. The impact of microemboli during cardiopulmonary bypass on neuropsychological functioning. Stroke; 25:1393–1409. Remedios, C. (2003). The role of medical, demographic and psychosocial factors in the incidence of depression among coronary artery bypass patients. Australian Journal of Psychology, Supplement, Vol. 55, p8-13 Rice V. H. , Mullin M. H. , Jarosz P. (2001) Preadmission self-instruction effects on postadmission and postoperative indicators in CABG patients: Partial replication and extension.Res Nurs Health. 2; 15:253-259. Schaefer K. M. Swavely D, Rothenberger C, Hess S, Williston D. Sleep disturbances post coronary artery bypass surgery.. Prog Cardiovasc Nurs. 1996 Winter;11(1):5-14. Shaw P. J. , Bates D. , Cartlidge N. E. F. et al. Early intellectual dysfunction following coro nary bypass surgery. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, New Series 1986; 58:59–68. Soylu, M. et al. (2003). . Increased Dispersion of Refractoriness in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation in the Early Postoperative Period after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p28-31 Stump D. A. Selection and clinical significance of neuropsychologic tests. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1995; 59:1340–1344. Stump D. A. , Rogers A. T. , Hammon J. W. Neurobehavioural tests are monitoring tools used to improve cardiac surgeryoutcome. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1996; 61:1295–1296. Stump DA, Rogers A. T. , Hammon JW, Newman SP. Cerebralemboli and cognitive outcome after cardiac surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia 1996; 10:113–119. Symes, Emma; Maruff, Paul; Ajani, Andrew; Currie, Jon. (2000)Issues associated with the identification of cognitive change following coronary artery bypass grafting: Australia n & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 5, p770-784, Taylor, S. E. , & Aspinwall, L. G. (1993). Coping with chronic illness. In L. Goldberger & S. Breznitz (Eds. ), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects_(pp. 511-531) (2nd ed. ). New York: Free Press. Townes BD, Bashein G, Hornbein T. yF. et al. Neurobehavioural outcomes in cardiac operations – a prospective controlled study. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1989; 98:774–782. Treat-Jacobson, Diane; Lindquist, Ruth A. (2004).Functional Recovery and Exercise Behavior in Men and Women 5 to 6 Years Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery. Western Journal of Nursing Research 5, p479-498, Vanninen R, Aikia M, Kononen M. et al. (1998). Subclinical cerebral complications after coronary artery bypass grafting: prospective analysis with magnetic resonance imaging, qualitative electroencephalography and neuropsychological assessment. Archives of Neurology; 55:618–627. Whitman, G. R. Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery Patients, The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing: Volume 19(5) September/October 2004 p 293-298

Foreign Affair essays

Foreign Affair essays In 1880s many Americans feared about closing of frontier. They reacted in the classic manner of searching farther west of new frontiers. American identity, character, and socio-political development have long existed as areas of grate debate among historians and non-historians alike. Center of Turners thesis did not only help American economy politically but also shape character of its society. Turner gives an importance to the frontier because he believes that the frontier is the key to develop social and political democracy. Extension of the frontier has provided America to develop democracy. Tuners gives more importance to the frontier, because, it is Americas manifest destiny to expand. The founding fathers were showing importance to expansion in order to find land. Turner believed that so long as free land exists, the opportunity for a competency exists, and economic power secures political power. According to Turner expansion for the better economy was very important. Expansion of the frontier would not only bring the free land, but various opportunities for American progress. In the reading The New Era by LeFeber, he also agrees with Turner. In LeFebers essay, he gives four different historians view point on the closing of frontier. Josiah Strong believed in spreading Christianity around the world, Mahan believed that the control of seas would bring great progress of America. Turner on the other hand was more concerned about more than just expansion of the frontier. Along, with the expansion he was also interested in immigration. LeFebers essay talks abo ut Turners view on Japan, Korea and parts of Africa. Turner predicted that the growth of freedom which removes the greatest barrier to progress, the social ferment and the evident tendency toward a new social organization would lead to new era. Turner was intere...

Ib Pase Paper, Maths Hl Essays

Ib Pase Paper, Maths Hl Essays Ib Pase Paper, Maths Hl Essay Ib Pase Paper, Maths Hl Essay M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX 22107204 mathematics higher level PaPer 2 Thursday 6 May 2010 (morning) 2 hours iNsTrucTioNs To cANdidATEs ? Write your session number in the boxes above. ? not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. do ? graphic display calculator is required for this paper. A ? section A: answer all of section A in the spaces provided. ? section B: answer all of section B on the answer sheets provided. Write your session number on each answer sheet, and attach them to this examination paper and your cover sheet using the tag provided. At the end of the examination, indicate the number of sheets used in the appropriate box on your cover sheet. ? unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers must be given exactly or correct to three significant figures. 0 0 candidate session number 2210-7204 14 pages  © international Baccalaureate organization 2010 0114 –2– M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX Full marks are not necessarily awarded for a correct answer with no working. Answers must be supported by working and/or explanations. In particular, solutions found from a graphic display calculator should be supported by suitable working, e. . if graphs are used to find a solution, you should sketch these as part of your answer. Where an answer is incorrect, some marks may be given for a correct method, provided this is shown by written working. You are therefore advised to show all working. Section a Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. Working may be continued below the lines, if necessary. 1. [Maximum mark: 4] The graph below shows y = a cos (bx) + c . y 4 2 x –2 0 –2 –4 2 4 6 Find the value of a , the value of b and the value of c . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 2210-7204 0214 –3– 2. [Maximum mark: 5] The system of equations 2 x ? y + 3z = 2 3 x + y + 2 z = ? 2 ? x + 2 y + az = b M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX is known to have more than one solution. Find the value of a and the value of b . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2210-7204 turn over 0314 –4– 3. [Maximum mark: 6] M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX In the right circular cone below, O is the centre of the base which has radius 6 cm. The points B and C are on the circumference of the base of the cone. The height AO ? of the cone is 8 cm and the angle BOC is 60? . A diagram not to scale O B ? Calculate the size of the angle BAC . C .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2210-7204 0414 –5– 4. [Maximum mark: 7] (a) (b) M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX Solve the equation z 3 = ? 2 + 2i , giving your answers in modulus-argument form. Hence show that one of the solutions is 1+ i when written in Cartesian form. [6 marks] [1 mark] .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 2210-7204 turn over 0514 –6– 5. [Maximum mark: 6] M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX Let A , B and C be non-singular 2 ? 2 matrices, I the 2 ? 2 identity matrix and k a scalar. The following statements are incorrect. For each statement, write down the correct version of the right hand side. (a) (b) (c) ( A + B ) 2 = A2 + 2 AB + B 2 ( A ? kI )3 = A3 ? 3kA2 + 3k 2 A ? k 3 CA = B ? C = B A [2 marks] [2 marks] [2 marks] .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 2210-7204 0614 –7– 6. [Maximum mark: 5] M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX Find the sum of all three-digit natural numbers that are not exactly divisible by 3. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 2210-7204 turn over 0714 –8– 7. [Maximum mark: 7] M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX Three Mathematics books, five English books, four Science books and a dictionary are to be placed on a student’s shelf so that the books of each subject remain together. (a) (b) In how many different ways can the books be arranged? In how many of these will the dictionary be next to the Mathematics books? [4 marks] [3 marks] .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 2210-7204 0814 –9– 8. [Maximum mark: 6] M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX In a factory produci ng glasses, the weights of glasses are known to have a mean of 160 grams. It is also known that the interquartile range of the weights of glasses is 28 grams. Assuming the weights of glasses to be normally distributed, find the standard deviation of the weights of glasses. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 2210-7204 turn over 0914 – 10 – 9. [Maximum mark: 6] Let f ( x) = (a) (b) 4 ? x2 . 4? x M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX State the largest possible domain for f . Solve the inequality f ( x) ? 1. [2 marks] [4 marks] .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. 2210-7204 1014 – 11 – 10. [Maximum mark: 8] The diagram below shows the graphs of y = that all intersect in the same two points. M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX 3 x ? 3 , y = 3 and a quadratic function, 2 3 x –3 Given that the minimum value of the quadratic function is ? 3 , find an expression for the area of the shaded region in the form a, b, c and t are to be determined. (Note: The integral does not need to be evaluated. ) .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ? t 0 (ax 2 + bx + c) dx , where the constants 2210-7204 turn over 1114 12 – Section B M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX Answer all the questions on the answer sheets provided. Please start each question on a new page. 11. [Maximum mark: 20] A plane ? has vector equation r = (? 2i + 3 j ? 2k ) + ? (2i + 3 j + 2k ) +  µ (6i ? 3 j + 2k ) . (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Show that the Cartesian equation of the plane ? is 3 x + 2 y ? 6 z = 12 . The plane ? meets the x , y and z axes at A, B and C respectively. Find the coordinates of A, B and C. Find the volume of the pyramid OABC. Find the angle between the plane ? and the x-axis. Hence, or otherwise, find the distance from the origin to the plane ? Using your answers from (c) and (e), find the area of the triangle ABC. [6 marks] [3 marks] [3 marks] [4 marks] [2 marks] [2 marks] 12. [Maximum mark: 15] Casualties arrive at an accident unit with a mean rate of one every 10 minutes. Assume tha t the number of arrivals can be modelled by a Poisson distribution. (a) (b) (c) Find the probability that there are no arrivals in a given half hour period. A nurse works for a two hour period. Find the probability that there are fewer than ten casualties during this period. Six nurses work consecutive two hour periods between 8am and 8pm. Find the probability that no more than three nurses have to attend to less than ten casualties during their working period. Calculate the time interval during which there is a 95 % chance of there being at least two casualties. [3 marks] [3 marks] [4 marks] [5 marks] (d) 2210-7204 1214 – 13 – 13. [Maximum mark: 11] M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX Points A, B and C are on the circumference of a circle, centre O and radius r . ? A trapezium OABC is formed such that AB is parallel to OC, and the angle AOC ? is ? , ? ? ? . 2 B C A r ? O diagram not to scale (a) (b) ? Show that angle BOC is ? ? ? . 3 marks] Show that the area, T , of the trapezium can be expressed as T= 1 2 1 r sin ? ? r 2 sin 2? . 2 2 [3 marks] (c) (i) Show that when the area is maximum, the value of ? satisfies cos ? = 2 cos 2? . (ii) Hence determine the maximum area of the trapezium when r = 1. (Note: It is not required to prove that it is a maximum. ) [5 marks] 2210-7204 turn over 1314 – 14 – 1 4. [Maximum mark: 14] M10/5/MATHL/HP2/ENG/TZ1/XX A body is moving through a liquid so that its acceleration can be expressed as ? v2 ? ? 32 ? m s ? 2 , ? 200 ? where v m s ? 1 is the velocity of the body at time t seconds. The initial velocity of the body was known to be 40 m s ? 1 . (a) Show that the time taken, T seconds, for the body to slow to V m s ? 1 is given by T = 200 ? (b) (i) 40 V 1 dv . v + 802 2 [4 marks] dv Explain why acceleration can be expressed as v , where s is ds displacement, in metres, of the body at time t seconds. Hence find a similar integral to that shown in part (a) for the distance, S metres, travelled as the body slows to V m s ? 1 . [7 marks] (ii) (c) Hence, using parts (a) and (b), find the distance travelled and the time taken until the body momentarily comes to rest. [3 marks] 2210-7204 1414

QUENTIN Surname Meaning and Family History

QUENTIN Surname Meaning and Family History From the Latin quintinus, meaning the fifth, Quentin  sometimes  originated as a French  first name often given to the fifth son. The Quentin surname may also have originated as a geographical surname for someone from one of the places called Quentin in Gloucestershire, Northamptonshire or Worcestershire, England, or from  one of the places  in Normandy, France named for St. Quentin of Amiens. Surname Origin: English, French Alternate Surname Spellings:  QUINTIN, QUENTEN Famous People with the QUENTINSurname Caroline Quentin - English actressCarlos Quentin - American professional baseball player Where is the QUENTIN Surname Most Common? Surname distribution from Forebears  indicate that  the Quentin surname is most common in France where it ranks among the top 1000 surnames in the country. It is most common in northern France, according to WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially in the Basse-Normandie, Picardie and Centre regions.   Genealogy Resources for the Surname QUENTIN Meanings of Common English SurnamesUncover the meaning of your English last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common English surnames. How to Research French AncestryLearn how to research your French family tree with this guide to genealogical records and family history research in France. Quentin  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Quentin  family crest or coat of arms for the Quentin surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. QUENTIN  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Hartmann  ancestors around the world. FamilySearch - QUENTIN  GenealogyExplore over 490,000 results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Quentin surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. DistantCousin.com - QUENTIN  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Quentin. GeneaNet - Quentin  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Quentin  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Quentin  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Quentin  surname from the website of Genealogy Today.- References: Surname Meanings Origins Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997. Back toGlossary of Surname Meanings Origins

The Possibility of Ethical Leadership, Pro and Con Essay

The Possibility of Ethical Leadership, Pro and Con - Essay Example The pros and cons of ethical leadership are then dependent on belief systems, definitions and current trends in society. Understanding how these influence others within a society helps to create and define several aspects of those that are considering the practice of ethical leadership. The concept of ethical leadership is one which is currently considered a central issue among businesses, educational systems, institutions, politics and other areas where leaders are required. The history of ethical leadership begins with types of leadership values which have been defined in each of these segments. This is inclusive of characteristic tests, such as kindness, sobriety and altruism. This aspect of leadership is often referred to as the 10 commandments of leadership. The concept continues with values which individuals have when becoming leaders, including ethical and moral values of the individual as well as strategic positions which each use with personal and social behaviors that are a ble to influence those in the surrounding area. The ethical definition is one that is then based on how one interacts with others and the characteristics which an individual has to influence others that are within a specific social status (Ciulla, 2004). The defining points of leaders in any situation also give question to the pros of having the characteristics and ideologies of belief systems among leaders. ... This is combined with the ideology of personalism, in which the leader is able to become a servant leader while working with others. By having a sense of morality among those, there is the ability to transform and empower others that are in the surrounding environment while helping to change the understanding of the vision and the actions which are taken among those who are a part of the community and which have a personal relationship to those that are in power (Whetstone, 2002). Another aspect that is currently a part of ethical leadership is based on the ability to create standards for upholding representations of integrity, sincerity and value. Businesses have created a general stigma in relation to the ethics that are withheld at a global level, specifically through standards such as corporate leadership. The attribute of ethical leadership is based on upholding standards of morality in various regions, specifically which upholds corporate standards, laws of a given region and s ocial expectations within that region. The outcome that is expected is based on the capability of creating ethical responses and social reforms that offer fair and accurate information through reports and expectations that are from those in society. These may be based on trends and standards of institutions or may be associated with overcoming challenges that are within a given region (Laufer, 2003). Even though it is expected that ethical leadership is able to provide a value base for every realm of action, there are also several cons to the concept of morals in leaders. The first is based on the concept of authentic leadership. This states that there are leaders who comply with

Commercial Landlord and Tenant Law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Commercial Landlord and Tenant Law - Term Paper Example He says that if Mr Jagger wants to take the room the shortest term he will agree is one year, and he requires Mr Jagger to sign an agreement (which he produces and gives to Mr Jagger). Mr Jagger likes the room, and says he's 'happy with a one-year deal', but also says he wants to look at the form of agreement and possibly take advice on it before signing it, but he does need to move in immediately. He offers Mr Richards a month rent 'upfront'. Mr Richards accepts this, and allows Jagger to move in immediately. He says, however, that Jagger's occupation will be on the terms of 'that agreement in your hand unless we agree something different', and they agree that in due course they will formalise the arrangement by signing an appropriate document. Mr Jagger looks at the agreement. It is headed 'Licence', indicates a 'licence period' of one year, a weekly licence fee of 75 and states (amongst other things) that Mr Richards is at liberty to require Mr Jagger to share the room with any third party whom Mr Richards wishes to put into occupation. Explain, by full reference to the background law, the status of the interest (if any) which Mr Jagger has in the room in Mr Richards' house and how such interest came to be (or failed to be) created and whether, in consequence, it is open to Mr Jagger to leave without further liability either immediately or at some point prior to the expiry of a year after he moved in. Answer In regards to common law, the licence is not legally binding because Mr Jagger did not sign it. Mr Jagger holds a licence to use the assigned room in Mr Richards home. A licence is only a personal permission, not transferable and is not binding. If Mr. Jaggar would be a tenant, he could have a legal estate which can be inherited or transferred, and is binding on third parties. A tenancy will have a great deal of statutory protection, particularly relating to security of tenure; a licence can be terminated easily (subject to any contractual agreement) and even the residential licensee has only minimal statutory protection under the Protection from Eviction Act 1977, not amounting to security of tenure. Mr Jagger's interest came to be when he and Mr Richards verbally agreed to a "one year deal". A licence is merely permission to use the premise it is not a lease. If no contract were created at all, it would still be considered a licence because the grantor obtains the right to use the entire premise. The giving and accepting of rent does not define a tenancy. Since this is only a licence to use the premise Mr Jagger has no further obligation to Mr Richards. If it is a tenancy it would be created formally by deed (unless within the exceptions under Law of Property Act 1925 S.54). If

Identify three laws (state and federal) that limit what an employer Assignment

Identify three laws (state and federal) that limit what an employer can do to an employee, and explain the pros and cons of each law - Assignment Example Such incidences leave employees in a state of tumult and cursing their employment (FLSA, 2012). On the same note, the employers are said to remunerate their employees however they wish subjecting the employees in a state of discomfort and discontentment. In this study, we look at some state and federal laws that have a limit or prohibit what employers can do to their employees as well as the pro and cons of those laws. The first law that will be discussed is the Federal Wage Garnishment Law, The Consumer Credit Protection Act’s Title 3 (CPPA) (Dol.gov, 2009). But, what is meant by wage garnishment? Wage garnishment can be defined as any legal or equitable procedure through an employee’s portion of the wage is required to be withheld by an employer for settlement of dome debt. Primarily, garnishments are done following a court order. Other types of wage garnishment may include IRS or the federal tax collection agency levies for unpaid taxes and the federal agency garnishments for non-tax debts owed to the federal government (Dol.gov, 2009). The CPPA limits the amount of employee’s wages that can be garnished by the employers and protects them from facing the sack if their earnings are garnished for only one debt. This law is very important because it helps employees whose wages have been garnished for a single debt to continue working, but it fails on part that the amount to be garnished will be after all the legal deductions, leaving the employee with little or nothing to take home. The law also allows pensions to be garnished and this is not pleasing especially to the elderly. The 1963 Act of Equal Pay is another law that prohibits employers from exploiting employees. It safeguards men and women who perform equally at work or equal work from sex-based wage discrimination and compels the employers to pay them equally regardless of the gender of the workers (Eeoc.gov, 2015). If it is a construction work done by employees of bother gender,

Physiology assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Physiology - Assignment Example During the period referred to as the relaxation time, blood flow into the atrioventricular valves that in design makes a separation between the left and right atrium. In this case, the blood flows via the atrioventricular valves that separate the ventricles from atria. Blood is received from the right auricle that comes from the rest of the body parts and is transmitted via the inferior and superior vena cover (Philbrick). Therefore, in the cardiac cycle, the blood will be flowing through the heart during the complete heartbeat process. In this case, the systole stands for contraction and the diastole stands for the relation. Considering cases where pressure on the valves varies from that set on the other side of the valve results into an opening of the valve. The illustration on the diagram represents a cardiac cycle within the cardiac left ventricle. However, in the atrial pressure plot: wave "a" corresponding to atrial contraction. Wave "c" represents an increase in pressure emanating from the closed mitral valve. That is the wave going into the atrium in ventricular systole, as well as "v" standing to inactive atrial filling. In the electrocardiogram: wave "P" resembles the inception of atrial depolarization, waves "QRS" match to the onset of ventricular depolarization, as well as "T" tallies to ventricular repolarization. Therefore, the pressure in the cardiac system forces for relaxation and contraction of the muscles in the heart therefore causing the flow of blood to various parts of the heart and the entire body. One of the reliable mechanisms of stroke volume control is the preload mechanism. Preload mechanism is the point of stretching in cardiac muscle cells before contraction. That has a clear explanation of Franks’ Starling law of the heart (Philbrick). Another most important factor in cardiac stretching is venous return. It considers the amount of blood coming from the rest of the body parts. In this case, slow exercise

PNEUMONIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PNEUMONIA - Essay Example Pneumonia can make an individual very ill even to the point of death. However, the disease can transpire in young, as well as healthy individuals, but is more dangerous in older adults, babies and persons with other illness or weakened immune systems. Pneumonia is often caused by a bacterium, the Streptococcus Pneumoniae, especially in people who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and are victims of alcoholism. Such individuals are vulnerable to contracting pneumonia from Klebsiella, as well as Hemophilus Influenza. This category, although occurring temporarily, has some association with the bacteria known as the Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (Krause, 2012). Subsequently, the attacking organisms results in a variety of impact, in part, by irritating to an overly enthusiastic status to the immune responses within the lungs. Therefore, the small blood vessels within the lungs tend to develop leaks; hence, protein-rich fluid seeps through the alveoli. However, this tends to mark a less serviceable region for oxygen-carbon dioxide conversions; hence, the affected victims tend to develop oxygen rundowns while holding hypothetically risky carbon dioxide (Krause, 2012). Conversely, ill persons respire faster in conjunction to result in more oxygen, as well as release of more carbon dioxide. However, when these secretions are augmented, the leaky vessels often tinge the mucus with blood. The mucus plugs tend to diminish the efficacy of gas conversions within the lungs. Nonetheless, the alveoli tend to fill up with fluids, resulting in the debris from a vast number of white cells that get released to combat the infection (Krause, 2012). Therefore, the pneumonia condition often starts when an individual breathes the relevant germs into lungs. What follows is usually the disease after accessing a cold, as well as a flu. Conversely, the sickness will tend to make a person find it difficult for his/her lungs to fight against the

None Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

None - Research Paper Example This paper will present several principles of the Food Ethics, possible criticism for this approach as well as refutation of it. First of all, it would be highly important to provide a general perspective on the issue. Thus, one would not make a mistake pointing out that among the food that people consume there are certain groups of products that are different from others. For example, if pigs have been domesticated from numerous centuries and the production of their meat has been developed in great detail, there are some animals which are also consumed, but their meat or other parts of the body have been introduced to the people relatively recently. In addition to that, some meat might come from the animals the population of which is far less than the one of pigs or cows. Finally, the development of the science has brought up a new category of food which consists of Genetically Modified Organisms. So, the primary question focuses on the idea whether people have a moral duty to support certain food. Since the above mentioned question lies in the realm of Ethics, it would be logical to use several Ethical Theories than are relevant in this case. The first approach that is able to provide an answer to this problem is the Kantian Ethics. Thus, according to it, people should be considered to be responsible for the preserving of the wildlife as well as fragile ecosystems around the world and, therefore, they should never consume flesh of the animals that are endangered. In addition to that, since food that is made of Genetically Modified Organisms might be harmful to the bodies of the people, it should not be introduced to the market in any form. However, a completely different approach is presented by the Utilitarian Ethics. Indeed, it argues that there is no problem in eating meat of the endangered animals or the meat that was produced in a cruel way as long as it pleases the people and they are able to cope with the consequences of it.

PNEUMONIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PNEUMONIA - Essay Example Pneumonia can make an individual very ill even to the point of death. However, the disease can transpire in young, as well as healthy individuals, but is more dangerous in older adults, babies and persons with other illness or weakened immune systems. Pneumonia is often caused by a bacterium, the Streptococcus Pneumoniae, especially in people who suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and are victims of alcoholism. Such individuals are vulnerable to contracting pneumonia from Klebsiella, as well as Hemophilus Influenza. This category, although occurring temporarily, has some association with the bacteria known as the Mycoplasma Pneumoniae (Krause, 2012). Subsequently, the attacking organisms results in a variety of impact, in part, by irritating to an overly enthusiastic status to the immune responses within the lungs. Therefore, the small blood vessels within the lungs tend to develop leaks; hence, protein-rich fluid seeps through the alveoli. However, this tends to mark a less serviceable region for oxygen-carbon dioxide conversions; hence, the affected victims tend to develop oxygen rundowns while holding hypothetically risky carbon dioxide (Krause, 2012). Conversely, ill persons respire faster in conjunction to result in more oxygen, as well as release of more carbon dioxide. However, when these secretions are augmented, the leaky vessels often tinge the mucus with blood. The mucus plugs tend to diminish the efficacy of gas conversions within the lungs. Nonetheless, the alveoli tend to fill up with fluids, resulting in the debris from a vast number of white cells that get released to combat the infection (Krause, 2012). Therefore, the pneumonia condition often starts when an individual breathes the relevant germs into lungs. What follows is usually the disease after accessing a cold, as well as a flu. Conversely, the sickness will tend to make a person find it difficult for his/her lungs to fight against the

Theory to Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theory to Practice - Essay Example In the case of UCC, a contract between merchants is valid as long as it contains the quantity of the goods, the signature of the party who provides the enforcement as well as a language that would indicate that the words and meaning binds two or more parties in a reasonable contract. The UCC aims at helping the non-breaching parties in case of a breach of contract. It therefore offers the sellers a number of remedies. Basing on UCC, a contract between merchants relies on communication between the two parties, the culture of the industry in addition to the past commercial conduct between the merchants. This indicates that the past dealing between Armstrong’s manager and Bentley of GCI surely affects the analysis on their case. In their past commercial conduct, the merchants made use of the pre printed forms for the acceptance of addition terms. In their first interaction, Armstrong’s manager signed the pre printed form stating that they will take responsibility of damage before delivery and the transaction was successful at the end. Additional information in the pre printed form become part of the enforceable contract. In the case of the second encounter between Bentley and Armstrong’s manager, Armstrong’s manager signed a destination contract since it had worked effectively previously. According to UCC, under a destination contract, the buyer is liable for any damage or loss of goods until after delivery. Therefore, the analysis of the case between Armstrong and GCI will indicate that Armstrong’s company is liable since the destination contract was signed but the delivery of goods was not as expected. According to UCC, Armstrong had to complete the delivery procedure as outlin ed in the contract without any additional charges. In such a case, Armstrong Company would have breached the contract and will have to pay for the damages. This is because the manager had made a promise to GCI’s manager acknowledging the destination contract. He had promised

Implementing Change Report Essay Example for Free

Implementing Change Report Essay This report will help Kudlers Fine Foods in upgrading the application of a modification within the organizations sales division. The report consist of five stages in implementing change that include, Stage one managing and evaluating the change procedures, study the measurement and observation devices, and which methods to use. Stage two- monitoring the modification process for control over the modification procedures for expected possibilities for changes within the organization. Stage three recognizing at risk divisions of the modification procedure open to modification resistors including the reasons for methods that will overcome the resistors the organization needs change. Stage four explanation and advantages of the methods used in the organizations practices of improving the modification. Stage five discussions on how the methods used in the modification can affect the organizations practices. CHANGES TO IMPLEMENT Kudlers Fine Foods sales division actions relating to the sale of wine, sale of exceptional food items, and customers registering for the Kudlers wine appreciation courses are unsatisfactory. A potential modification is under consideration that will offer extra training to the current sales reps in the sales department. Additional training will inform sales employees of the issues the department is issues facing on item considered exception to the organization. The training is mandatory and every employee in the sales division must attend. In addition to training, it is important for management to implement a bonus pay structure. This will help to motivate employees to do his or her best in ensuring the sales in wine and exceptional food items increase and influence consumers register for Kudlers Fine Foods wine appreciation courses. The Kudlers Fine Foods organization believes in receiving precise modifications appealing, effective, and beneficial to the company as well as its employees. Approving and submitting an application for a modification successfully will lead the organization to a higher level profit, success, and effectiveness. The administration of Kudlers Fine Foods will use the modification control method that will help management interact a shared mission with Kudlers employees (Leban Stone, 2008). The modification control method will also inform employees on why the organization is in need of a modification and how the modification is beneficial to employees and the companys performance (Leban Stone, 2008). Managements at Kudlers main focus are properly to apply the modification to employees as well as companies stakeholders implicated in modification. MONITORING AND EVALUATING THE CHANGE PROCESS Constant supervision is important in the processes of an organizations modification application. Because of the problems in Kudlers sales division it is important for administration continuously to supervision production in every division carefully. Management must use measurements and observation devices Management should employ the use of measurement and methods of observation  and devices to obtain excellent results in which sales indications supply the current measurements of the sales performance and the retail increase. The three measurement and observation devices include The implementation of pulse conference status meetings in which management can obtain information on the status of the modification. Regular, face-to-face, and brief conference status meetings are important because it will show management the current performance of the modification and division is at risk for problems in performance (Project Management Guru, 2012). Obtaining the current status and outlining a forecast a specific period for the modification project. This assist management in assessing if the modifications projected schedule is running as planned. The modifications projected schedule variance assist management in forecasting (The Times 100, 1995-2013). The modification control record that reports the changes within duration of the application procedure. In regard to the future the modification control record will helps management to avoid problems that may occur in the process of the modification. The report is important because it will help management in monitoring the completion of each item (The Times 100, 1995-2013). ANTICIPATED OPPORTUNITIES There are often times when the modifications will cause operating and functioning capability of the organization possibilities. These possibilities may improve how the sales divisions is operating and functioning, encourage an expansion off the division, and help the organization in advising the company evaluate other divisions within the organization. Evaluating other divisions within the organization can help the organization in identifying needed in other areas in the organization. This will provide Kudlers Fine Foods the opportunity in experiencing the processes of change and how change can benefit the organization. These opportunities also can help the organization in developing a strategy that  helps the organization modify plans and processes that have failed. PARTS PRONE TO CHANGE RESISTERS Some employees often oppose change. These individuals fear changes and what a modification within the organization may do to his or her current duties. Employees may also resist change because he or she does not understand the purpose of a modification. Some employees resist change because he or she is comfortable in the way he or she has performed his or her task in the past. Acknowledging why employees oppose changes made in the organization helps the organization develop a plan that will help overcome reason he or she is opposing the purpose of the modification. Knowing that the change will benefit everyone working within the division with help inspire employees. The fewer employees resist change makes it easier for management to successful meet the goal of increasing profit and registering more clients into the wine appreciation courses. Management should ensure the he or she interacts with employees resisting the modification. Discussing issues with the employees and meeting with each employee face-to-face will help management explain how the change is beneficial to the employee and the organization. USING THE ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE An organizations values, activities, and beliefs are important aspects that constitute an organizations tradition. At Kudlers employees share the same kind of values, this makes the work environment a pleasant and comfortable to work. When employees share the same values the less conflict, he or she has within the workforce. To ensure modification processes advance smoothly the role of Kudlers organizational tradition are essential. The companys organizational tradition helps in developing a positive attitude in the workplace. To create a positive working environment for the organizations employees Kudler managers uses several leadership styles to interacting with employees from different cultures. . Kudlers uses a detailed description of organizational structure for  determining the level of authority an individual has over other employees and determining specific duties an employee performs. Another important structure is the vertical dimension organizational structure. This organizational structure defines which employees have the authority to make decisions and which employees will supervise the request of the decisions made; whereas the horizontal dimension organizational structure consist of separates the duties and observes the level of the employees performance EFFECT ON ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE There are several factors during the modification that may affect Kudler current organizational tradition. The modification may cause Kudlers employees to resist the changes made within the organization. The change may lead to employee conflict, the decrease in job satisfaction, and motivation. Kudler management must work properly together with the employees in the modification to avoid employee from becoming unsatisfied and discouraged. Employees may become dejected and believe that his or her performance is no longer satisfying to the companys needs. This can cause the Kudlers organizational tradition to change from an encouraging, inspiring, and pleasant environment to an undesirable, adverse, and unsatisfying environment. Together these factors key to modifying Kudlers organizational tradition. CONCLUSION Kudlers must first modify the sales division by offering employees extra training regarding the sale of wine, exceptional food items, and registering customers for the Kudlers wine appreciation courses. Second the organization must implement a bonus pay structure to motivate employees in increasing sales influencing consumers to register in the organizations wine appreciation courses. Management should employ the use of measurement and methods of observation and devices to obtain excellent results in which sales indications supply the current measurements of the sales performance and the retail increase. Evaluate other divisions within the organization to help the organization in identifying needed in other areas in the organization. Evaluating other divisions will provide Kudlers Fine Foods with the opportunity of controlling change and how change can benefit the organizations future. Acknowledging employees who oppose to organizational changes to ensure the organization develop a plan in overcoming the reason resistant to the modification. This will help aware employees that the change will benefit everyone working within the division. Interacting with employee is the important aspects that will help in establishing an organizations tradition. Modifying Kudlers organizational tradition will ensure the modification procedure proceeds efficiently and develop motivation within the work environment. References: Leban, B., Stone, R. (2008), Managing organizational change (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Project Management Guru, 2009-2012, _Project Management Monitoring and Controlling Tool Techniques_, retrieved from: http://www.projectmanagementguru.com/controlling.html The Times 100, 1995-2013_, Developing the skills for managing change,_ retrieved from: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/cmi/developing-the-skills-for-managingchange/evaluating-the-management-of-change.html#axzz2TDSg7Kpo

Belief Worlds and Epistemic Possibilities :: Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Belief Worlds and Epistemic Possibilities ABSTRACT: This paper develops an individualistic, belief-based account for a limited class of epistemic possibility statements. Section I establishes the need for such an account by reviewing a recent version of the majority view (the "Relevant Community Account") and contesting two key assumptions. I argue that some epistemic possibilities are belief-based-contra the assumption that all are knowledge-based. Against the assumption that all epistemic possibility statements are analyzable in terms of the speaker's "relevant community," I contend that the truth value of some statements is a function of the speaker's epistemic states alone. Section II develops an alternative account designed to capture those internal, individual statements. Modeling belief sets as "belief worlds," I explain our epistemic processes in terms of an ability to shift attention among our various belief worlds. Ever since G. E. Moore set out to explain the phrase "it's not certain that" and ended up offering a definition of epistemic possibility, ordinary uses of epistemic modal sentences have commanded more attention. A number of more recent accounts-which I'll call the "Moorean accounts"-follow Moore by analyzing all statements having the form "It's possible that p" uniformly. Their analysis is uniform in that they make two assumptions: first that some community is relevant in every case, and second that every statement is analyzable in terms of knowledge. I think that both assumptions are false, so one thing I'll do today is to suggest truth conditions for statements failing of both assumptions-"individual, doxastic possibility statements." I will have time to contest only the first assumption, though, and will therefore help myself to my conclusion regarding the second; I will assume that the locution "It's possible that p" is not restricted to expressions of epistemic, that is, knowledge-based possibility, but may be used to express doxastic or belief-based possibility as well. The first assumption-that some community is relevant to every use of "It's possible that p"-will be my main concern, then. To make the assumption in its stronger form, as Ian Hacking and Paul Teller do, is to treat all uses of "It's possible that p" as statements to be translated as "For all we know, p." But the locution "It's possible that p" is used not only for statements of that sort-for, in my terminology, "community statements"-but also for what I'll call "individual statements"-statements properly translated as "For all I know, p." The assumption that some community is relevant to every use of "It's possible that p" is also made by Keith DeRose, but in a weaker form.

Motherhood, Otello And The Theatre Experience :: essays research papers fc

The theatre experience can be explained as a measurement of satisfaction that a person attains after attending a theatrical performance. A positive theatre experience should be a truly cathartic event that evokes excitement and delight in the audience. A negative theatre experience, on the other hand, will have little to no impact on the audience and will most likely cause its members to be bored. Two theatrical presentations that provide contradicting theatre experiences are Otello and Motherhood, Madness and the State of the Universe. Otello, which is conducted by Richard Bradshaw, directed by Robin Phillips, written by Giuseppe Verdi (after William Shakespeare's play Othello) and was performed by The Canadian Opera Company on November 3, 2000 at the Hummingbird Centre in Toronto, Ontario, is a century old opera that tells the story of how the Moor of Venice, who has risen from slavery to a position of great power as a general of the Venetian army, falls victim to jealousy. Mother hood, Madness and the State of the Universe, which is written and performed by Kim Renders and was performed on October 13, 2000 in Lower Massey Hall at the University of Guelph, is a contemporary one-woman show which tells a satirical tale of marriage and parenthood via stories about Renders own children intertwined with historic accounts of her mother’s childhood. Three elements that influence how enjoyable a performance will be to an audience member are scenery, costumes and use of music. When compared on these bases, it is conclusive that Motherhood, Madness and the State of the Universe provides a theatre experience which is superior that of Otello. Scenery, by definition, is â€Å"the physical constructions that provide the specific acting environment for a play and that often indicate, by representation, the locale where a scene is set; the physical setting for a scene.† (Cohen, Theatre G-11). Modern scenery is either realistic as in Otello, or metamorphic as in Motherhood. Realistic scenery attempts to illustrate the details of a specific time and place in the real world, while metamorphic scenery favors visual images that insinuate the production’s intended mood and theme. The scenery in Otello depicts the inside of an elaborate castle with winding staircases (see figure 1, appendix A for the simplistic illustration). Desdemona’s bed, the tables, the goblets, etc. are all set pieces used on stage after having been extracted from rooms that would actually exist in a house.

History of Immigration †Movie Gangs of New York Essay

Although Martin Scorsese’s 2002 film â€Å"Gangs of New York† purports to be an historical film which recounts ethnic based gang rivalries in 1863 New York City, the film relies heavily on poetic-license, accentuating violence and a typical Hollywood â€Å"good versus evil† story-line, rather than delving into the historical specificities and realistic detail. While it is almost certainly true that Gangs captures the flavor and mythopoetic spirit of America’s ethnically diverse past and the violence and tensions which seethed during the American Civil, it is equally true that the historical themes with which Gangs deals are of a secondary nature to its main thrust: which is to produce a slick, and profitable film. So, while the movie deals with a tremendously important historical period in American history, the historical background â€Å"is incidental to Scorsese’s larger vision of reminding Americans of their violent past† 1 and, as such, the film’s viewpoints regarding immigration are abstraction from history and not representative of history itself. That said, the film’s portrayal of immigration is to show it as a bloody, tremendously difficult process, a sort of pressure-cooker where the amalgam of cultures clashed in a violent soup, which, itself produced a unity through an altogether new culture, an American culture, born through a traumatic and protracted birth-struggle. This vision is a romantic vision which simplifies the complex realities of the history of immigration in America in the nineteenth century. Scorsese, as mentioned, is not interested in depicting history, but to use the verisimilitude of history, the details and gritty realism of historical record, to paint a dramatically believable portrait of myth: a myth describing the birth of American culture in the fiery crucible of ethnic prejudice and competition. Historical detail is a device, not a theme: â€Å"while Gangs is accurate in detail, it is distorted and mistaken in its larger characterizations and interpretation. This should not be surprising: Gangs of New York is a moneymaking enterprise. † 2 If the film’s relevance to history is not one of accurate portrayal and realistic delving into the lives and events of the era depicted, then from where does its importance to history derive? The answer to that question lies in the fact that while â€Å"Gangs of New York† may play fast and loose with historical accuracy, while it may simplify the complex sociological realities of intercultural integration — or lack thereof — in America’s war-torn past, the film remains faithful to a central, thematic idea which is also a core-reality of American history: that a nation which is ethnically diverse but upholds individual liberty must in the end cast-away the ethnic and racial barriers and competitions of the â€Å"Old World† in order to actualize the opportunities of the future. That core-idea is a core-principal of American Democracy and it is a principle by which American history, including the American Civil War, has turned on as though upon an axis. The great value, historically speaking, of â€Å"Gangs of New York† is not in its depiction of history or its re-creation of historical events, but in the film’s vision of racism of cultural division and of American Democracy as a â€Å"melting pot† and also an ideal which transcends race or specific culture. The problem in the presentation of this vision is that the Hollywood â€Å"hero and villian† paradigm, along with a stock formula of violence and greed, results in a film which buries these important themes beneath a slick â€Å"whitewash† and this is: â€Å"a foolish simplification, a stereotype, and not the business of historians. Rather, the problem with Gangs is that it wants us to think that Irish gangsters were â€Å"good† by ignoring their racism while it wants to make us think others are â€Å"bad† because they are racist. â€Å" This kind of pretzel-logic may make for an interesting and immediately understandable film, but it does little to shed light on history or on the diffusion of cultural tensions in America. The film is conspicuously incompatible with a detailed or immersive reading of history. I do not personally belive that â€Å"Gangs of New York† accurately depicts the feelings of the people at the time or even the historical tensions themselves. Instead, the film â€Å"Without the veneer of historical righteousness[†¦ ] is just another Scorsese bloodbath among white men. With that in mind, there is merit in the film’s mythopoetic imaging of the emotional energy which explodes from America’s cultural diversity. Unfortunately, â€Å"Gangs of New York† fails to depict substantive and historically accurate characters who — if shown realistically — would be comprised of multi-faceted and perhaps contradictory impulses and beliefs. In conclusion, while Martin Scorsese’s â€Å"Gangs of New York† faithfully represents the formulaic, Hollywood notion of slick, effective commercial film-making, the film fails to faithfully represent the historical period from which is ostensibly draws its setting, theme, and characters. While immigration can and should be rightfully regarded as a part of America’s mythopoetic past and also its mythopoetic identity, the historical realities of immigration and the actual historical ramifications of the cultural pressure-cooker that helped to birth America are absent from â€Å"Gangs of New York. † In their place, broad generalization, ethnic stereotyping, epic contrasts of good and evil, and the classical arc of the hero-myth are used to both simplify and stylize an aspect of American history which is too nuanced and too complex to be accurately depicted through such an approach. It is possible that â€Å"Gangs of New York† will inform a significant portion of its audience with the flavor of an historical period they might have otherwise missed observing altogether. However, in all liklihood, those who are stimulated to study this time-period by Scorsese’s poetic vision, will find themselves startled, and perhaps confused, by the amount of drama and profound thematic issue which were left out of â€Å"Gangs of New York. â€Å"

Building Effective Teams & Daniels and Daniels

As part of determining the effectiveness of a team, the team’s performance needs to be carefully measured. However, measuring the performance of a traditional team, where all members work in the same place in a single location, is different from measuring the performance of that of a global-based team. There are many factors that need to be considered when it comes to these measurements. It is important that the differences be considered in order to create a fair measurement of each member’s performance.Daniels and Daniels (1993, p.  46) said that â€Å"establishing a global system of measuring performance allows alignment of global stages in the company so that any given individual employee knows at any given point in time how his/her performance is contributing to the global business objectives and strategy. † Being a member of a global-based team, there are certain skills that management would desire for the member to have in order to work effectively with t he team. These characteristics and skills need to be exhibited by the members and can be used to determine the performance of each member. The different skills are discussed briefly below. Diversity ToleranceGlobal-based teams would have members belonging to different races, different nationalities and culture. In short, the team is diversified when it comes to its members. For the members of this kind of team to work properly, each of them needs to understand the nature of the team and be willing to work with people from different countries. Teamwork Willingness As with any type of team, members should all be team players. Each team member should know how to cooperate and contribute to the success of the team in attaining its goals. Etiquette Work etiquette is very important especially in a team-based organization.Each member is expected to work with each other. Though the work ethics of each member may differ from the other, the general and standard rules should still be observed. Listening Skills This is a very important skill that any individual should possess, especially when working with teams. Listening to others means that you are respecting their views, thoughts and decisions. You may not totally agree with them but you are sending the message that you are welcoming the idea when you listen. This skill is also crucial for a team’s success. Stress Resistance Stress comes with any type of work.People get stressed due to pressure. But most of the people who are usually stressed are those that cannot manage their time wisely. It is important for a team and each member to have a good sense of time management in order to avoid getting stressed as it affects the performance and productivity of the whole team. Problem Solving and Conflict Handling One of the skills that a mature and experienced professional should have is the ability to handle most of the problems that may occur. Being able to make wise decisions to solve problems is desirable in any t eam structure.The diverse culture and nationalities of the members would also produce conflict more often than expected. Thus, it is important that each member of the team should be able to effectively handle these conflicts and come with resolutions that are amenable to everyone. To measure the performance of the team and its members in terms of the skills mentioned above, I would suggest having a balanced scorecard that encompasses all aspects of performance. The above skills are some of the competencies that each member should possess as an individual and would comprise 50% of the scorecard. The remaining 50% would be quantitative performance, i.e. adherence to the set metrics, and shareholder value. The first 50%, which are composed of the qualities described above, can be measured through peer feedback. Team members get to assess one another in terms of the above skills and rate each other accordingly. Of course, this is done anonymously. Feedback from other team members can re ally help in the assessment of each member’s performance in terms of the different qualities above. Other than peer feedback, managers and supervisors can also add their own observations of the member since there can be times that peer feedbacks become subjective.Another method of evaluating these skills, perhaps, is assessment through case study and defense. Members will be given a scenario, internal or external, that commonly happens in the business and the team and be asked to accomplish the goal described in the scenario. The scenario and the goal can be made to encompass all or most of the qualities stated above. Each member then submits a comprehensive answer and response to the case study. Managers can now evaluate each member’s capability based on the responses received. Each member will also be given the chance to defend his/her responses in a discussion with the supervisor.These performance measurement tools suggested may be presented to the upper management for approval. Perhaps, a sample feedback form and case assessment can be provided for the director to better appreciate the tools being suggested. Team and Individual Performance A team’s performance may be an indicating factor of how each member of the team works. Rewarding the team as a whole when a goal is accomplished is a good way to boost their confidence. However, each individual’s performance should also be rewarded accordingly. A team performing well as whole does not necessarily mean that every member is doing an exemplary job.If individual rewards are given to top performers, other members will also be motivated and be encouraged to work harder to also gain achievement and rewards. That would mean a much better performance that awaits the team. Analysis In my research for the above discussion on suggestions for performance measurement tools, I have come to realize that performance is not only measured in terms of what the member can do and how productive the member is. It is also important to assess different skills sets and competencies that relate to the way a member does the job and work with other people.Since in a global-based environment physical interaction may be very limited, the skills mentioned above would compensate for this and contribute to the overall success of the team. The skills mentioned above can actually be summarized into two major things: total respect for each other despite the differences and ability to work as a team with common goals. These things should be made known to the employees at the very start of building this kind of team. In fact, these skills should also be part of the qualifications in recruiting potential members of the team.With the skills mentioned above, there are some which are based on cultural differences such as diversity tolerance and conflict handling. These measurements can be better understood by the employees by explaining clearly to them the purpose of these measurement criteria. I t should be made clear to them that the purpose of these criteria is only to ensure that the employees are working well with each other despite of the differences and are able to resolve on their own the different conflicts that may exist among different members.These measurement tools can also assure them that there will be no bias on rewarding individuals just because of their cultural background; assessments will be done in an objective manner. References Daniels, J. L. & Daniels, C. N. (1993). Global Vision: Building New Models for the Corporation of the Future. USA: McGraw-Hill Professional. Mitchell, C. (2000). A Short Course in International Business Culture. Novato, CA: World Trade Press.