JC Penney - When did the Giant Retailer make the change and why Term Paper

JC Penney - When did the Giant Retailer make the change and why... Myron Ullman vs Ron Johnson leadership styles - Term Paper Example The company’s stated goal is to build deeper, more enduring relationships with its customers, increase associate engagement and retention and deliver industry-leading financial performance for its shareholders. As a business strategy, J.C. Penney intends to become a growth leader in retail industry.   The retailer strives to achieve excellence in style authority, customer interactions, digital experiences, and operational effectiveness (JCPenney, 2013). James Cash Penney  opened the first J.C. Penny store in Kemmerer, Wyoming in 1902. In 1907, he purchased â€Å"The Golden Rule Stores† chain of stores where he was a partner. In 1913, the company changed its name to the J. C. Penney Company and adopted the business principles that would guide the company to conduct its business. By 1922, the J.C. Penney operated 371 stores located in 27 different states. J.C. Penney went public in 1929. In 1951 the company introduced credit sales and in 1953 it began catalogue sales. The company advertised on the national television for the first time in the 1970s. In the 1990s, the J.C. Penney stores became ‘anchors’ for the malls that came up across the United States. In 1994, J.C. Penny launched its e-commerce website  www.jcp.com. In 2005, the online sales exceed $1 billion. A year later, the retailer unveiled Sephora, the store-within-a-store concept. The company launched its customer loyalty program, jcp Rewards, and its Customer FIRST initiative in 2008 (JCPenney, 2013). The retail industry in United States clocks more than $3.8 trillion in  retail  sales on an annual basis (Business Wire, 2013). The ongoing recessionary conditions have thwarted the industry from registering rapid sales growth in recent times. The retail industry in the United States is undergoing a change. There has been a transformation in consumer buying habits especially in the wake of the recession of 2008. Numerous retailers have reported lukewarm

Education Standards in Kentucky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Education Standards in Kentucky - Essay Example However, this also serves to keep the page counts low for each grade and standard, and this seems like a practical and effective way for teachers to use the page for lesson planning. The CCD puts a great deal of information on a relatively small matrix, including Big Ideas, Academic Expectations, Understandings, Skills and Concepts, and Related Core Content for Assessment. It is a logical and useful organization of the information, but it sometimes seems a bit difficult to hone in on an exact specification because there is so much "going on" in the tables (KDE, Combined Curriculum Document Reading-End of Primary, 2006). The Kentucky School Laws Annotated (Kentucky General Assembly, 2006) is a different type of resource for school employees. It is organized as a codified legal document with section numbers, paragraph indicators, and other marking utilities. It addresses school funding, breakfast programs, and teacher compensation. It also cites rules for textbook purchases, IEPs, teacher tenure and retirement, and a host of other topics. It is definitely the place to go to determine if a professional decision meets the standards of conduct expected by the state of its teachers. It lists extremely specific requirements which are easy to find in the Web version by using the handy "Search" function. The Kentucky Teacher Standards (KDE, 2007) are a well-organized, easy-to-use presentation that differentiates between novices and veterans in two-column chart. Standards are organized by area. Each states in clear, precise language exactly what each teacher is expected to do in instruction, ensuring a positive learning climate, assessment, reflection, collaboration with others in the school community, professional development, and leadership. The document is short enough to easily navigate. It lists specific ways teachers can meet each expectation (e.g., find and prioritize areas for professional growth based on peer feedback). These three documents had interesting similarities and differences. For instance, the CCD is student-directed, the Teacher Standards are teacher-directed, and the School Law is court/judge/lawyer-directed. Although each has the same ultimate goal - providing a fair, effective, high-quality educational system for Kentucky's children - each is written for a different audience and intended for different uses. Two of the three did not seem to be for direct student use. Students are not likely to read about Kentucky school law, or view the Teacher Standards. Hopefully, teachers speak enough about the CCD to make students well aware of what they are, although it seems unlikely students would read the entire set of standards on their own. All three documents had much in common. They are generally not directly used by students. Each seeks to give extremely precise instructions and guidelines for conducting educational business. Each lays out actions for which different people and parties are responsible. Each document supports the educational process in a unique way. School law must be codified and available to anyone who wishes to see it. It is critical to our educational organizations. Imagine trying to play a game of SCRABBLE without knowing or agreeing upon the rules of play. It

The Responsibility Project Essay Example for Free

The Responsibility Project Essay In viewing a short film Table Guardians in The Responsibility Project website, organizational issues were displayed. The short film acted out a community coffee shop that different groups of individuals came and gone. An early aged male engaged in conversation with a mid-aged female requesting that she oversee his belongings and table while he quickly went to the copy shop a block away and ensured her that he will return quickly in a matter of minutes, 10 minutes; 12 minutes max. The women, although partially hesitant, agreed to watch over his table and belongings that included a personal computer and writing supplies. As time passed, several individuals attempted to make use of the crowded coffee shop table; however, the women overseeing the table informed those individuals that table was taken and the young man will soon return. After the women waited for over an hour guarding the table, she was asked if she was leaving her table by another women and she explained to her that she would have been gone, but she is overseeing the table across the way for a gentlemen. The women offered the exchange of overseeing the table for her table and she gladly accepted. After the exchange of four other overseers of this table, the gentleman finally returns. The fourth individual overseeing table doesn’t allow the gentlemen to easily recover his table and personal belongings. She informs him that the table is taken and belongs to a gentleman that will be coming back. He tries to explain that he is that gentleman and that he is back. She then requests proof of identity for the gentleman to recover his goods. Throughout the films entirety, it shows the communities ethical and moral reasoning of treating others as you wish to be treated by not leaving the gentleman’s personal belongings unattended as given word by a complete stranger initially. The integrity was kept throughout the exchange of overseers. The coffee shop employee kept his interests as a stakeholder by making the right decision to protect the employers’ expectations by statin g that he is not able to take responsibility of watching the table. By doing so the employee alleviated any possibilities of liability to the employer. It was also noted in the short film that the consumers in the coffee shop showed ethical reasoning by respecting the issue at hand that  the table was taken and not causing conflict in the coffee shop although the tables were filled and that table was sitting empty unattended. The end of the short film showed the same situation appearing to repeat itself; however, it is unknown whether or not it will end the same if it were in a different community. Also the outcome will depend on the ethical and moral interests for individuals involved. It could result in stolen or damaged goods. External social pressures have an influence on organizational issues. For instance, if this community discussed previously in the busy coffee shop had different ethical and moral interests in the community, the gentleman leaving his personal belongings may not have been comfortable in leaving his belongings with a stranger nor would he have asked. It was the gentleman’s belief that his belongings will be in safe keeping. The gentleman was apparently comfortable with outside factors of his community’s environment and the people; therefore, comfortable with the individual in the coffee shop to oversee his belongings. The coffee shop does not function alone, it is the outside of the business that influences how business is carried out inside. The guardians of the gentleman’s belongings were polite and moral by overseeing his belongings. It was morally and ethically wrong for the gentlemen to have left his belonging with an individual for longer than he had given his word for. The coffee shop employee responded ethically to the women who wanted him to oversee the table while working by stating he could not take responsibility while working. External social pressures can create a downside to organizations if social critics are not considered in organizations because consumer’s today is more â€Å"socially† aware. By organizations considering social pressures, this may assist in gearing their organization or business on the right direction for success. Concerning personal decision making, external social pressures may change decisions by simply the pressures of another outlook on the situation. An organization can simply apply pressure to have someone select their organization by offering free tutoring to an enrolled student or a business offering free gym membership for a year with purchase of insurance plan. Social pressure comes in numerous forms. The short film Table Guardians did not clearly show any legal issues per say; however could have resulted a legal issue if the employee decided to watch the gentleman’s belongings while working. Instead, the employee stated that he was could not oversee the table because liability reasons. Should the employee decide to watch table and the gentleman’s belongings came up stolen or damaged, it would have been a liability to coffee shop owner. The employee made the ethical decision. Overall, the short film addressed responsibility ethically, morally, and legally. Ethically is protecting concepts of right or wrong. Morality is more of the personal characteristics of interests and decision making. Ethics and mortality are subjective because no two individuals think alike. The legal system retains general humanities ethics; otherwise, we will suffer the consequences. References The Responsibility Project. (2008). Retrieved from http://responsibility- project.libertymutual.com/films/table-guardians#fbid=S14kx8DovBx

Does Internet Enhance or Reduce Social Interaction Essay Example for Free

Does Internet Enhance or Reduce Social Interaction Essay Papers like HomeNet publications have been following the effects, positive or negative of Internet on its users. The findings are interesting as it reports both positive and negative results. Initially the effect was negative on those who relied heavily on internet for communication. However that scenario has changed with time. Current studies no longer show the overall negative effects of the past. Using internet to communicate with families and friends as well as being involved in community activities has been on the rise. Negative effects are generally experienced by people with less support economically and introverts and positive effects experienced by people with good social resources and extraverts. Some people who have integrated internet into their ordinary lives have generally benefited, but they now experience new social problems. These problems are highlighted in this discussion in depth and a summary made in a table. Those internet users who find communication important, have good reason to expect that Internet has positive social impact on their lives. For such people communication, including contact with neighbors, friends, and family, and participation in social groups, improves their level of social support. To them interacting with internet gives them fulfilling personal relationships, a sense of meaning in life, and commitment to social norms with their communities. Their psychological and physical well-being (Diener et al. 1999; Cohen and Wills 1985; Mirowsky and Ross 1989;). They think through the use of internet for communication, they could have important positive social effects on individuals (McKenna and Bargh 2000), groups, organizations (Sproull and Kiesler 1991), and communities (Hampton and Wellman 2000), including society at large (Dertouzos 1997; Hilts). Just like the telephone did, they think broad social access could increase people’s social involvement, and facilitate formation of new relationships (Fischer 1992; Wellman 1996). People who are generally isolated could find new social identity and commitment (Katz and Aspden 1997). Isolated members of communities could participate in group organizations at a distance (Sproull and Kiesler 1991). Internet is also handy for political mobilization (Bonchek 1997). Whether Internet has positive or negative social impact depend upon the quality of the people online, their activities and what they give up to spend time online. Stronger social ties generally lead to better social outcomes than do weaker ties (Wellman and Wortley 1990). As we go through the discussion we find that the ease in communication that internet offers has encouraged people so much that they now spend more time alone, talking online with strangers and very little time with their communities. Increasingly people are connecting to each other through the internet, and looked at positively, one would say internet has increased the frequency of communication among its users. There are pertinent issues to look at today regarding our social interaction compared with the past: †¢ Has our social relation one-to-one improved or diminished? †¢ Has it provided more evidence of the difference between our virtual self and real self? †¢ Has our group interaction improved or diminished? Users of internet are socially withdrawn because they are most of the time lonely and hooked onto the net. Research has found that the more people are online, the more they become socially isolated ( James E. Katz). The study further shows that people who are constantly online the more they become isolated from social life and that there is a relationship between depression, stress and strength in social ties created by extensive use of the internet. This on the extreme can weaken the social ties that people normally have. Robert Kraut who is a researcher in the field and professor in the Department of Communication at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N. J. is the leading author of the study. However the finding has been seriously challenged as inadequate and lacking in rigor. The critiques say there needed to have been a control group used for comparison purposes and that the sample size was too small. On the contrary, computer experts are quoted as saying internet has greatly increased their human interaction. They say that they can now meet more people than ever before. But sociology experts say this is more a manifestation of people in a state of denial than the truth. But the truth is that there are two divergent views about computers and its social effect on people. Hoffman and partner Tom Novak at Vanderbilt Universitys Project 2000 have for example have conducted a collaborate research with Georgia Institute of Technology in which they find many web users find the net browsing enriching and satisfying and that they are usually left in a happy state of mind far from being depressed. Philip Aspden, executive director of the Center for Research on the Information Society, surveyed 2,500 Internet users and found no evidence of social withdrawal. The study found that online participants are no less likely to join religious, leisure or any community organized activities than people who arent online. Virtual interaction is the norm in internet activities. People using portable computers can work in one office, one project without necessarily being physically in a place. They could be several kilometers away and do everything together that they could do in one environment, one office, and location. They can talk and hold meetings and discussions together. Internet has made the world look like a one local village. The issue is what is the social implication of this arrangement? Is it positive or negative socially? The answer is positive because the physical location can be anywhere most convenient for the individual. It can be your house / study room, supermarket; or inside your car. People work better when they operate from premises of their liking. Negative because supervision, control, co-ordination and monitoring becomes difficult. People find such arrangements new and odd though not necessarily bad socially. With time we shall be used to it and our sense of belonging will change. In this discussion we try to bring into focus the positive and negative social impact of internet. However we seem to agree that internet users have more social problems than usual. They are among other things withdrawn from normal social life and in virtual solitude as is commonly known. It is interesting to hear what some of these people say. Please allow me to quote some experiences from people who use internet. â€Å"Every time I go through the process it seems more and more like a religious ritual. When I reflect that I am connected to thousands or millions of people across the world, I forget that I am seated in a solitary confine of my computer room. I admit it is a strange feeling, one that I really like to the extent that I forget the social pleasure I normally find socializing with people outside there. Sometimes I also get frightened that I am beginning to like my computer mediated communication (CMC) better than talking with most real people with whom I come into daily contact face to face. Though I find it sad to say, I have never enjoyed serious discussions before where people say what is in their heart. Social opportunities and even academic opportunities for such discussions are dwindling. Our culture has become more and more trivial and superficial. † Through CMC people can find intellectual stimulation. It is easily available and comfortable. But the human touch is more natural and more satisfying. We are social animals and we need to meet and chart. Intellectualism has its time just as social life also has its time. The other negative aspect of internet is privatization which was introduced by Marshall McLuhan. This theory states that as entertainment and information becomes readily available to people, they are less likely to seek them outside their homes. As that happens, social interaction is becoming less and less frequent. We can select the people to talk to and use special words and mode of communication. Soon we shall be out of touch with the real world where we have different type of people needing different types of communication. My entertainment, amusement, and even communication have become private rather than public. Family people have very little time for each other because they spend all that time on the net. The young ones are the most affected. During the day, they are out in school and their parents are out for work. When they come home they cannot meet either, because everybody is busy with internet. When will they talk or learn from the parents one would ask? All that they imitate are programs from the internet, some very weird indeed. As parents we might overlook and despise the experience we got through social interaction with our peer groups and communities while we were young. It taught us to be at peace with our environment. In this environment there is richness found in diversity. The diversity found in behavior and culture of its people. We come to be more informed that the world is made of both order and disorder and become equipped to handle both occurrences. That is how we have been molded to be strong and resilient. The world of internet is denying our children that freedom and experience. Children never play together at home and very little in school. Computer mediated communication CMC is a new phenomenon in the computer world. There are other technologies more commonly used such as e-mail and interactive chat on the internet. These modes of communication have both bad and good sides. They have made communication, fast, easy and affordable. The physical location of the people we communicate to is no longer a barrier. We talk to people anytime anywhere by a mere touch of a button. When we play with our peers and join social clubs we meet people and friends and that is healthy for our body and mind. We are able to do some exercise which our body needs to avoid aging. We use our bodies more than our minds. To conclude my analysis on the effects of the internet talking about pornographic ideologies is no new phenomena as it is one of the high condemned vices of the internet as it is being used in all ways. Income generating activities, a source of employment to others but highly exploitative and seriously abusive in all ways, it ranges from child pornography to adult pornography.

Analysis of Brothertons Theories of Hospitality

Analysis of Brothertons Theories of Hospitality Introduction: Brotherton Brotherton investigates the issues lying at the depth of what professional scholars and experts convey; it is indirectly addressed to being good neighbours and its administration. It basically audits the definitions and points of view on these basic issues referred in the modern day accommodation, a clear perspective of what accommodation handling potrays. It tries to accomplish the objective Brotherton of their basic definitions and points of view, a large portion of which are acknowledged by experts. , Brotherton tries to convey with new definitions for Hospitality and hospitality management (Brotherton, 1999) and also motivation of both professional scholars and scientists in the next probably thousand years. Carol A. King Hospitality associations that call their clients Guests are utilizing friendliness as an term for their employees a type of relationship with those customers. The utilization of the this term is proposed to advise workers that they should treat the individuals who treat their operation even though they are visitors. In any case, workers realize what that implies. This paper studies the history of accommodation and proposes a model of friendliness for use in client benefit associations. It will contend The approach of friendliness, it has developed in the business sense, it is the expectation and arrangement of whatever is required to satisfy a visitor, and that the predecessor of business accommodation is the conduct of the subject toward his sovereign or master. Visser watched that social graces are an arrangement of enlightened taboos that work to lessen strain and shield visitor and host from each other in a circumstance loaded with potential risk. The laws of Hospitality keep hos t and visitor from assaulting each other with blades at the table or when the visitor is exposed. Entertainment originally referred to play music or dancing or enjoyment, but later became synonymous with hospitality, as it is today (A.King, 1995) Hemmington Disappointment enough to characterize or comprehend cordiality as a business marvel has made a divided scholarly condition and a schizophrenia in the business that can possibly restrain its improvement as a worldwide industry. This article recommends that, by rethinking hospitality as conduct and experience, another viewpoint rises that has energizing ramifications for the administration of hospitality organizations. A structure to portray cordiality in the hospitality business space is proposed. This structure recommends an emphasis on the host-visitor relationship, liberality, theater and execution, heaps of little amazements, and the security of outsiders; a concentration that furnishes visitors with encounters that are close to home, essential and enhance their lives This conceptual article aims to explore and extend the debate surrounding hospitality in commercial environment (HEMMINGTON, 2007) Summary:- Brotherton:- Some non hospitality associations hoping to enhance clients have attempted to refer their clients as Guests, applying accommodation model to their operations. a few challenges of conveying friendliness are expressed. Some non friendly associations hoping to enhance consumer loyalty have attempted to rethink their clients as Guests, applying an accommodation model to their operations. a few challenges to conveying accommodation are talked about. Despite the fact that the words hospital and hospitality have a similar root, hospital facilities and non-benefit associations and even a couple of business organisations have swung to a friendliness model of client administration to enhance customer loyalty. A few associations like Disney, where amusement clients are guests and each employee is a host, paying little respect to employment work. Disney has been recognized as one of the best model in America. Hospitality associations that call their clients Guests are utilizing friendliness as an term for their employees a type of relationship with those customers. The utilization of the this term is proposed to advise workers that they should treat the individuals who treat their operation even though they are visitors. In any case, workers realize what that implies. This paper studies the history of accommodation and proposes a model of friendliness for use in client benefit associations. It will contend The approach of friendliness, it has developed in the business sense, it is the expectation and arrangement of whatever is required to satisfy a visitor, and that the predecessor of business accommodation is the conduct of the subject toward his sovereign or master. Carol A. King Some non hospitality associations hoping to enhance clients have attempted to refer their clients as Guests, applying accommodation model to their operations. a few challenges of conveying friendliness are expressed. Some non friendly associations hoping to enhance consumer loyalty have attempted to rethink their clients as Guests, applying an accommodation model to their operations. a few challenges to conveying accommodation are talked about. Despite the fact that the words hospital and hospitality have a similar root, hospital facilities and non-benefit associations and even a couple of business organisations have swung to a friendliness model of client administration to enhance customer loyalty. A few associations like Disney, where amusement clients are guests and each employee is a host, paying little respect to employment work. Disney has been recognized as one of the best model in America. Hemmington:- Brotherton investigates the issues lying at the profundity of what expert researchers and specialists passes on; it is by implication of being great neighbours and its organization. It fundamentally reviews the definitions and perspectives on these essential issues in the current convenience, an unmistakable point of view of what settlement dealing with portrays. It tries to finish the target Brotherton of their essential definitions and perspectives, a substantial part of which are recognized by specialists. , Brotherton tries to pass on with new definitions for sincerity and amicable organization and furthermore inspiration of both expert researchers and researchers in the following most likely thousand years. Methodology:- The key commitment of these 3 papers is to basically investigate propels made since the presentation of hospitality as an advanced education subject, to catch contemporary considering, and to bolster the acknowledgment of the scholarly advantages for hospitality administration hypothesis and practices of an educational programs educated from a sociology based point of view. the restricted scholastic level headed discussion has been overwhelmed by the use of non specific business and administration hypothesis. Without a doubt, as the vagrants of the scholastic world, hospitality academics have maybe jumped too promptly into the universe of administrations administration, with little thought for the genuine importance and ramifications of this point of view for the idea of hospitality and the global hospitality industry. Great Quotes:- Carol A. King 1. Although the words hospital and hospitality have the same root, hospitals are often not very hospitable places. (King, 1995) Ans. The author tries to convey that hospitality is a sector where people are welcome and people would love to go, whereas hospital is the place where people would have to go reluctantly. 2. The middle Ages brought feudalism and chivalry (A.King, 1995) Ans. The author tries to convey that during 5th to 15th Century the rich nobles and knights were expected to behave politely and courteously to subordinates. 3. The use of rituals associated with hospitality serves social and psychological needs of both guest and host. (King, 1995) Ans. The author tries to convey that being hospitable became a ritual psychologically from the point of view from guest and host. 4. There were norms not only dictating the hosts behaviour toward the guest, but also the guests behaviour toward the host (King, 1995) Ans. The author tries to convey that as not only the hosts but also the guests are expected to be polite and courteous. (A.King, 1995) 5. Hospitality involves reciprocal interactions between individuals, who may be of differing social status (A.King, 1995) Ans. The author tries to convey that hosts and guests are expected to be polite and courteous, irrespective of their caste, culture and status in Society Brotherton:- It is also rarely clear where the boundaries of hospitality are drawn (Brotherton, 1999) Ans. The author tries to convey that it is not clear besides hospitality organisations where else a person can show hospitality What we need is a sound theory of hospitality based on research (Brotherton, 1999) Ans. The author tries to convey what we need to analyse hospitality to the core . hospitality management research community has been content to promulgate the supposed (Brotherton, 1999) Ans. Here the author conveys that the scholars of hospitality management are not yet clear about their thesis and knowledge. hospitality may be subdivided into private, public and institutional contexts (Brotherton, 1999) Ans. Here the authors convey that hospitality could be categorized according to private functions, wedding, ceremonies, birthdays, meeting and conferences. This purported characteristic is so historically and socially value laden (Brotherton, 1999) Ans. the features of hospitality is traditional and has lot of values Hemmington:- In the academic world, the dominant approach is one based on business and management. (HEMMINGTON, 2007) Ans. the author tries to explain that in academic world, the management and business has a strong hold. how might commercial hospitality be made more hospitable (HEMMINGTON, 2007) Ans. The author wants to know how small institutions like motels, inns can show good level of hospitality and how could it be measured. Hospitality to strangers is equated with hospitality to God (HEMMINGTON, 2007) Ans. Hospitality to strangers who could be guests came from the moral value of religion, where serving the strangers is considered serving god, as god could come as a stranger asking for help Hospitality is a process: An earnest invitation, cheerful entertainment, faithful protection (HEMMINGTON, 2007) Ans, hospitality is showing friendliness, warm reception, providing entertainment to the guests and protecting their well being. The retention of a customer perspective is essential to the effective delivery of hospitality products (HEMMINGTON, 2007) Ans. customers will come back to your hotel when hospitality products will be effectively delvered. Referencing:- Brotherton, B. (1999). Towards a definitive view of the nature of hospitality and hospitality management. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 165. HEMMINGTON, N. (2007). From Service to Experience: Understanding and Defining the Hospitality Business. Understanding and Defining the Hospitality Business, 2. King, C. A. (1995). WHAT IS HOSPITALITY. Defination of Hospitality, 210. Comments: Brotherton:- The aim of this paper has been to critically review the nature of hospitality and hospitality management to provoke both academic and practitioner colleagues alike into considering these concepts more deeply. In view of this it is to be expected that reactions may range from the view at one end of the sequence its a lot of unrelated nonsense which only serves to confuse the matter further, to that which sees this exercise as a thrilling and saving contribution. Whatever the specific nature of the reaction it is certain that there will be one, and hopefully it will contribute to the furtherance of this debate Hemmington:- Five key measurements of friendliness as a business experience are recognized; the host-visitor relationship, liberality, theatre and execution, loads of little shocks and wellbeing and security. To finish up, Hospitality organisations must concentrate on the visitor experience and stage vital encounters that empower every one of the five detects. They should act like hosts assuming liability for the experience and making loads of little shocks. They should delegate and build up their staff as entertainers and the cast in the experience. They should make a sentiment liberality, dodge niggardliness, and not permit money related and operational control strategies to command the visitor encounter. Hospitality organisations that can catch this feeling of theater and liberality will increase upper hand by giving their visitors encounters that are close to home, paramount and enhance their lives. Carol A.King The possibility of hospitality dates from ages. Travel was to a great degree unsafe, and to be without haven for the night could mean passing by presentation to the components or wild creatures, or theft and murder on account of outlaws. Numerous social orders built up an ethic of friendliness to permit a level of security of travellers; without that, there could be no travel and no exchange. In this way hospitality was not simply the arrangement of safe house and sustenance the fulfilment of physiological need, additionally some level of security mental solace in the confirmation that ones host was bound by a code of hospitality that guaranteed that a visitor in his home would not be burglarized or endure substantial mischief. In the meantime, the guests was under a commitment not to do damage to the host. Conclusion: Brotherton:- The aim of this paper has been to critically review the nature of hospitality and hospitality management to provoke both academic and practitioner colleagues alike into considering these concepts more deeply. In view of this it is to be expected that reactions may range from the view at one end of the continuum that this is a lot of unnecessary nonsense which only serves to confuse the issues further, to that which sees this exercise as a stimulating and liberating contribution at the other. The definition of hospitality offered here potentially opens up a Pandoras box of possible orientations, issues, and comparisons which hospitality researchers may have previously considered to be outside the realm of hospitality. Indeed, it raises the central question of whether hospitality research should be limited to the domain of commercial hospitality provision, If hospitality management research and practice are to progress those associated with it must reflect more deeply over both its ess ential nature and practical manifestation. Without such discourse it is unlikely that both the academic and practical aspects of the hospitality field will progress to higher levels in the next millennium. Hemmington:- this article has looked to outline a course through contemporary talk, and between the hypothetical and down to earth, to distinguish the vital and operational ramifications of friendliness in business situations. It proposes that by investigating and characterizing accommodation as experience, new points of view rise that have essential ramifications for hospitality in business settings. These suggestions take friendliness past administrations administration to a place where accommodation, a feeling of theatre and liberality are focal Carol A.King The Dutch scholar Henri Nouwen (1975) talked about the spiritual aspects of hospitality, and characterized it as the production of a free and friendly space where outsiders can enter in and get to be companions. He then describes three types of hospitality that are very unique in relation to that discussed in this paper: the hospitality of the family towards the youngster, the hospitality of the educator towards studies, and the cordiality of the counsellor or expert s toward patients. For each situation, the beneficiary or guest has a free and amicable space to develop. We could convey this idea further by making free and well disposed, accommodating spaces for workers, in which they could develop and create finish ways of life as people.

Christopher J.H. Wright Essay -- Religion, Jesus, Old Testament

Introduction In the book by Christopher J.H. Wright, Knowing Jesus Through the Old Testament, the author argues the very existence of Jesus Christ in the New Testament is portrayed within the Old Testament. Wright writes, â€Å"the deeper you go into understanding the Old Testament, the closer you will come to the heart of Jesus† (ix). Wright explains many Christians love Jesus, but do not know much about the Scriptures that He read. This is the author’s intention of the book, bringing the readers to a deep understanding of the Old Testament and gaining a greater understanding of Jesus. The purpose of this review is to summarize and critique Wright’s work along with presenting the strengths and weaknesses of the book. Wright has a profound love for the Old Testament Scriptures and wants to portray that to his readers. Wright studied Old Testament economic ethics for his doctorate at Cambridge, England. His book, God’s People in God’s Land came from his doctoral work. His passion for the Old Testament is demonstrated by two other works that focus on God the Father and the Holy Spirit in light of the Old Testament. Summary Wright asserts the understanding of Jesus starts with Matthew 1:18. It is the previous 17 verses that most do not regard as it is just a list of names. These names, Wright says, are part of a much larger story and without recognizing these names one cannot fully understand Jesus (1). The story is that of the Old Testament and the genealogy links the Old and New Testaments together. Wright says, â€Å"The Old Testament tells the story which Jesus completes† (2). Wright continues to break down the genealogy and reaches back to Abraham to proclaim that through Abraham, all nations of the earth will be blessed (4). Th... ... of Jesus while trying to convey his true identity (142-158). Less space could have been given concerning the names of Jesus while still reflecting the point Wright was trying to convey. While more ground is covered than needed, the author, as Long states, presents the information in an engaging manner. Conclusion Wright brings his readers through the Old Testament so they can have a greater understanding of Jesus. He presents the information in an engaging manner, but at times Wright can overstate his purpose. Pastors and lay people alike can benefit from reading Wright’s book as he brings people closer to Jesus by deepening their understanding of the Old Testament. This review has outlined the strengths and weaknesses of the author’s book to give readers an insight into Wright’s theological perspective of the Old Testament in light of the New Testament.

Moby Dick Qoutes Ch.36 and 86 :: essays research papers

Quotes from Moby Dick Chapter 36 Capitalism- On Pg. 170 Ahab says â€Å"All ye mast headers have before now heard me give orders of a white whale. Look ye! D’ye see this Spanish ounce of gold? It is a sixteen dollar piece men. Whoever of ye raises me a white headed whale with a wrinkled brow and a crooked jaw, he shall have this gold ounce. This example relates to capitalism because Ahab uses money as a way to motivate his men much like money is used as a motivator in a capitalist society. Transcendentalism- On Pg.172 and 173 Ahab talks about his feelings toward moby dick. Ahabs feelings are a twisted view on reality that relate to transcadentalism because he believes that getting revenge on the whale is worth risking his life and other mens lives. All visible objects, man, are but as pasteboard masks. But in each event . . . some unknown but still reasoning thing puts forth the mouldings of its features from behind the unreasoning mask. If man will strike, strike through the mask! How can the prisoner reach outside except by thrusting through the wall? To me, the white whale is that wall, shoved near to me. Sometimes I think there's naught beyond. But 'tis enough. He tasks me; he heaps me; I see in him outrageous strength, with an inscrutable malice sinewing it. That inscrutable thing is chiefly what I hate; and be the white whale agent, or be the white whale principal, I will wreak that hate upon him. Talk not to me of blasphemy, man; I'd strike the sun if it insulted me!" Ahabs feelings are a twisted view on reality that relate to transcadentalism because he believes that getting revenge on the whale is worth risking his life and other mens lives. Religion- On Pg. 172 after getting the men to agree to follow along side him in the killing of moby dick Ahab yells out to the men â€Å"God bless ye, God bless ye men† Ahab says this because his crew has agreed to follow him and he wants to thank them and he wants to try to help keep them safe for the journey because he knows that it will be a dangerous chase. Faustism- On Pg.175 Ahab fills the goblets of all of the crew and tells them: â€Å"Drink and swear, Death to Moby Dick, God hunt us all if we do not hunt moby dick to his death.